Thought and Language
Vygotsky (Lev), Hanfman (Eugenia), Vakar (Gertrude)
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Amazon Book Description

  1. Since it was introduced to the English-speaking world in 1962, Lev Vygotsky's Thought and Language has become recognized as a classic foundational work of cognitive science.
  2. Its 1962 English translation must certainly be considered one of the most important and influential books ever published by the MIT Press. In this highly original exploration of human mental development, Vygotsky analyzes the relationship between words and consciousness, arguing that speech is social in its origins and that only as children develop does it become internalized verbal thought.
  3. In 19861, the MIT Press published a new edition of the original translation by Eugenia Hanfmann and Gertrude Vakar, edited by Vygotsky scholar Alex Kozulin, that restored the work's complete text and added materials to help readers better understand Vygotsky's thought. Kozulin also contributed an introductory essay that offered new insight into Vygotsky's life, intellectual milieu, and research methods.
  4. This expanded edition2 offers Vygotsky's text, Kozulin's essay, a subject index, and a new foreword by Kozulin that maps the ever-growing influence of Vygotsky's ideas.



In-Page Footnotes ("Vygotsky (Lev), Hanfman (Eugenia), Vakar (Gertrude) - Thought and Language")

Footnote 1: I don’t even have this edition – just a reprint of the original 1962 translation, with an introduction by Jerome Bruner.

Footnote 2: This abstract refers to the 2012 MIT edition (392 pp).


Book Comment

MIT Press, Cambridge Massachusetts, 1967 reprint



Text Colour Conventions (see disclaimer)
  1. Blue: Text by me; © Theo Todman, 2025
  2. Mauve: Text by correspondent(s) or other author(s); © the author(s)



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