| Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness | |||
| Baars (Bernard), Banks (William) & Newman (James) | |||
| This Page provides (where held) the Abstract of the above Book and those of all the Papers contained in it. | |||
| Text Colour-Conventions | Disclaimer | Papers in this Book | Notes Citing this Book |
MIT Press
Contents
I. OVERVIEW
II. CONSCIOUSNESS IN VISION
III. ATTENTION: SELECTING ONE CONSCIOUS STREAM AMONG MANY
IV. IMMEDIATE MEMORY: THE FLEETING CONSCIOUS PRESENT
V. INTERNAL SOURCES: VISUAL IMAGES, AND INNER SPEECH
VI. BELOW THE THRESHOLD OF SENSORY CONSCIOUSNESS
VII. CONSCIOUSNESS AND MEMORY
VIII. UNCONSCIOUS AND "FRINGE" PROCESSES
IX. CONSCIOUSNESS AS A STATE: WAKING, DEEP SLEEP2, COMA, ANESTHESIA, AND DREAMING
X. THEORY
Book Comment
A Bradford Book, MIT Press, 2003. Paperback.
"Alkire (M.T.), Haier (R.J.) & Fallon (J.H.) - Toward a Unified Theory of Narcosis: Brain Imaging Evidence for a Thalamocortical Switch as the Neurophysiological Basis of Anesthetic-Induced Unconsciousness"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
2000.
"Atkinson (Richard C.) & Shiffrin (Richard M.) - The Control of Short-Term Memory"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1971.
"Baars (Bernard) - How Does a Serial, Integrated, and Very Limited Stream of Consciousness Emerge From a Nervous System That Is Mostly Unconscious, Distributed, Parallel, and of Enormous Capacity?"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1993.
Conscious Unconscious
"Baars (Bernard) - Introduction: Treating Consciousness as a Variable: The Fading Taboo"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Metapsychology On-line ReviewIn his comprehensive introduction (which in itself would serve as a useful set text for a wider audience) Baars argues for consciousness to be treated as a variable rather than as an absolute state. By this he means that consciousness can be measured as being more or less present in relation to other states, such as between wakefulness and sleep1, alertness and coma, new and habituated events, and so on. In this way, and in opposition to those who deny consciousness can be scientifically (that is, experimentally) studied at all, Baars and his colleagues propose that hard empirical data can be reliably gathered about the processes of consciousness, and thus contribute to the building of a coherent scientific theory of this most enigmatic of human attributes. The favored methodological approach seeks to correlate internal, subjective experiences with objective experimental techniques so that, as Baars says, "in modern science we are practicing a kind of verifiable phenomenology". (p. 8) Philosophical analyses continue to dominate the study of consciousness. Recent resurgence of interest in neuroscience study of consciousness and the interest shown by the other sciences reflect the contemporary concerns. Science and Consciousness Review, an upcoming forum highlighting these concerns would vouch for this trend.
Section Headings
… G.C.Gupta, PhD.
Table 1.1: Some widely studied polarities between matched conscious and unconscious phenomena1. Explicit cognition Implicit cognition 2. Immediate memory Longer term memory 3. Novel, informative, and significant events Routine, predictable, and nonsignificant events 4. Attended information Unattended information 5. Focal contents Fringe contents (e.g., familiarity) 6. Declarative memory (facts, etc.) Procedural memory (skills, etc.) 7. Supraliminal stimulation Subliminal stimulation 8. Effortful tasks Spontaneous/automatic tasks 9. Remembering (recall) Knowing (recognition) 10. Available memories Unavailable memories 11. Strategic control Automatic control 12. Grammatical strings Implicit underlying grammars 13. Intact reticular formation and bilateral intralaminar thalamic nuclei Lesioned reticular formation, or bilateral intralaminar nuclei 14. Rehearsed items in Working Memory Unrehearsed items 15. Wakefulness and dreams (cortical arousal) Deep sleep2, coma, sedation (cortical slow waves) 16. Explicit inferences Automatic inferences 17. Episodic memory (autobiographical) Semantic memory (conceptual knowledge) 18. Autonoetic memory Noetic memory 19. Intentional learning Incidental learning 20. Normal vision Blindsight (cortical blindness)
Paper Comment
"Baars (Bernard) - Metaphors of Consciousness and Attention in the Brain"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1998.
"Baars (Bernard) - The Fundamental Role of Context: Unconscious Shaping of Conscious Information"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1988.
"Baars (Bernard), Banks (William) & Newman (James) - Attention: Selecting One Conscious Stream Among Many"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
2003.
"Baars (Bernard), Banks (William) & Newman (James) - Below the Threshold of Sensory Conscousness"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
2003.
"Baars (Bernard), Banks (William) & Newman (James) - Consciousness and Memory"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
2003.
"Baars (Bernard), Banks (William) & Newman (James) - Consciousness as a State: Sleep, Coma, Anesthesia, and Dreaming"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
2003.
"Baars (Bernard), Banks (William) & Newman (James) - Consciousness in Vision"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
2003.
"Baars (Bernard), Banks (William) & Newman (James) - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness: Overview"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
2003.
"Baars (Bernard), Banks (William) & Newman (James) - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness: Preface"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
2003.
"Baars (Bernard), Banks (William) & Newman (James) - Immediate Memory: The Fleeting Conscious Present"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
2003.
"Baars (Bernard), Banks (William) & Newman (James) - Internal Source: Visual Images and Inner Speech"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
2003.
"Baars (Bernard), Banks (William) & Newman (James) - Theory"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
2003.
"Baars (Bernard), Banks (William) & Newman (James) - Unconscious and 'Fringe' Processes"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
2003.
"Baddeley (Alan D.) - Verbal and Visual Subsystems of Working Memory"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1993.
"Bogen (Joseph E.) - On the Neurophysiology of Consciousness: An Overview"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1995.
"Cheesman (Jim) & Merikle (Philip M.) - Distinguishing Conscious from Unconscious Perceptual Processes"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1986.
"Cowey (Alan) & Stoerig (Petra) - Blindsight In Monkeys"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1995.
"Crick (Francis) - Function of the Thalamic Reticular Complex: The Searchlight Hypothesis"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Author’s Abstract
Paper Comment
1984. See Crick - Function of the Thalamic Reticular Complex: The Searchlight Hypothesis.
"Crick (Francis) & Koch (Christof) - Consciousness and Neuroscience"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Authors’ Abstract
Paper Comment
1998. See Crick & Koch - Consciousness and Neuroscience.
"Damasio (Antonio) - Time-Locked Multiregional Retroactivation: A Systems-Level Proposal for the Neural Substrates of Recall and Recognition"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1989.
"Dement (William) & Kleitman (Nathaniel) - The Relationship of Eye Movements During Sleep to Dream Activity: An Objective Method for the Study of Dreaming"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1957.
"Engel (Andreas K.), Fries (Pascal), Roelfsema (Pieter R.), Konig (Peter), Brecht (Michael) & Singer (Wolf) - Temporal Binding, Binocular Rivalry, and Consciousness"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1999.
"Ericsson (K. Anders) & Simon (Herbert A.) - Verbal Reports on Thinking"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1987.
"Farah (Martha J.) - The Neural Basis of Mental Imagery"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1989.
"Flohr (H.) - An Information Processing Theory of Anaesthesia"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1995.
"Franklin (Stan) & Graesser (Art) - A Software Agent Model of Consciousness"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Authors’ Abstract
Paper Comment
1999.
"Galin (David) - Implications for Psychiatry of Left and Right Cerebral Specialization: A Neurophysiological Context for Unconscious Processes"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1974.
"Gardiner (John M.) , Ramponi (Cristina) & Richardson-Klavehn (Alan) - Experiences of Remembering, Knowing, and Guessing"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1998.
"Goldman-Rakic (Patricia S.) - The Prefrontal Landscape: Implications of Functional Architecture for Understanding Human Mentation and the Central Executive"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1992.
"Goodale (Melvyn Alan) & Milner (David) - Separate Visual Pathways For Perception and Action"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1992.
"Grossberg (Stephen) - Brain Learning, Attention, and Consciousness"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1999.
"Hilgard (Ernest R.), Morgan (Arlene H.) & Macdonald (Hugh) - Pain and Disscociation in the Cold Pressor Test: A Study of Hypnotic Analgesia with 'Hidden Reports' through Automatic Key Pressing and Automatic Talking"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1975
"Hobson (J. Allan) & McCarley (Robert W.) - The Brain as a Dream State Generator: An Activation-Synthesis Hypothesis of the Dream Process"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1977.
"Jacoby (Larry L.) - Measuring Recollection: Strategic versus Automatic Influences of Associative Context"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1994.
"John (E. Roy), Easton (Paul) & Isenhart (Robert) - Consciousness and Cognition May Be Mediated by Multiple Independent Coherent Ensembles"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1997.
"Kihlstrom (John F.) - The Cognitive Unconscious"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1987.
"Kosslyn (Stephen) - Aspects of a Cognitive Neuroscience of Mental Imagery"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1988.
"LaBerge (David) - Attention, Awareness, and the Triangular Circuit"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1997.
"LaBerge (David), Nagel (Lynn), Dement (William) & Zarcone (Vincent) - Lucid Dreaming Verified by Volitional Communication During REM Sleep"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1981.
"Langer (Ellen J.) & Imber (Lois G.) - When Practice Makes Imperfect: Debilitating Effects of Overlearning"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1979.
"Libet (Benjamin) - Brain Stimulation in the Study of Neuronal Functions for Conscious Sensory Experiences"
Source: Originally in Human Neurobiology, 1, 235-242. 1982.
"Livingstone (Margaret S.) & Hubel (David H.) - Effects of Sleep and Arousal on the Processing of Visual Information in the Cat"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1981.
"Llinas (Rudolfo R.) & Pare (D.) - Commentary: Of Dreaming and Wakefulness"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1991.
"MacKay (Donald) - Aspects of a Theory of Comprehension, Memory, and Attention"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1973.
"Mandler (George) - Consciousness: Respectable, Useful, and Probably Necessary"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1975.
"Mangan (Bruce) - The Conscious 'Fringe': Bringing William James Up to Date"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
2003.
"Miller (Geoge A.) - The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1956.
"Moran (Jeffrey) & Desimone (Robert) - Selective Attention Gates Visual Processing in the Extrastriate Cortex"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1985.
"Moruzzi (G.) & Magoun (H.W.) - Brain Stem Reticular Formation and Activation of the EEG"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1949.
"Newman (James), Baars (Bernard) & Cho (Sung-Bae) - A Neural Global Workspace Model for Conscious Attention"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1997.
"Palmer (Stephen E.) - Consciousness and Isomorphism: Can the Color Spectrum Really Be Inverted?"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1999.
"Posner (Michael I.) - Attention: The Mechanisms of Consciousness"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1994.
"Raichle (Marcus E.) - The Neural Correlates of Consciousness: An Analysis of Cognitive Skill Learning"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1998.
"Ramachandran (V.S.) - Anosognosia in Parietal Lobe Syndrome"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1995.
"Reber (Arthur S.) - Implicit Learning and Tacit Knowledge"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1989.
"Rees (Geraint), Russell (Charlotte), Frith (Christopher D.) & Driver (Jon) - Inattentional Blindness versus Inattentional Amnesia for Fixated but Ignored Words"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1999.
"Rensink (Ronald A.), O'Regan (J. Kevin) & Clark (James J.) - To See or Not to See: The Need for Attention to Perceive Changes in Scenes"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1997.
"Schacter (Daniel L.), Alpert (Nathaniel M.), Savage (Cary R.), Rauch (Scott L.) & Albert (Marilyn S.) - Conscious Recollection and the Human Hippocampal Formation: Evidence from Positron Emission Tomography"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1996.
"Scheibel (Arnold B.) - Anatomical and Physiological Substrates of Arousal"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1980.
"Sheinberg (D.L.) & Logothetis (Nikos K.) - The Role of Temporal Cortical Areas in Perceptual Organization"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1997.
"Shevrin (Howard) & Dickman (Scott) - The Psychological Unconscious: A Necessary Assumption for All Psychological Theory?"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1980.
"Shriffrin (Richard M.) - Attention, Automatism, and Consciousness"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1997.
"Singer (Jerome) - Experimental Studies of Ongoing Conscious Experience"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1993.
"Singer (Wolf) & Gray (Charles M.) - Visual Feature Integration and the Temporal Correlation Hypothesis"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1995.
"Smith (Edward E.) & Jonides (John) - Storage and Executive Processes in the Frontal Lobes"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1999.
"Sperling (George) - The Information Available in Brief Visual Presentations"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1960.
"Sperry (Roger W.) - Hemisphere Deconnection and the Unity in Conscious Awareness"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Author’s Introduction
Paper Comment
1968. Also in "Kolak (Daniel) & Martin (Raymond), Eds. - Self and Identity: Contemporary Philosophical Issues".
"Taylor (J.G.) & Alavi (F.N.) - A Global Competitive Network for Attention"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1993.
"Tononi (Giulio) & Edelman (Gerald M.) - Consciousness and Complexity"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1998.
"Tononi (Giulio), Srinivasan (Ramesh), Russell (D. Patrick) & Edelman (Gerald M.) - Investigating Neural Correlates of Conscious Perception by Frequency-Tagged Neuromagnetic Responses"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1998.
"Treisman (Anne) - Feature Binding, Attention, and Object Perception"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1998.
"Treisman (Anne) - Strategies and Models of Selective Attention"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1969.
"Tulving (Endel) - Memory and Consciousness"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1985.
"Tversky (Amos) & Kahneman (Daniel) - Availability: A Heuristic for Judging Frequency and Probability"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1973.
"Weiskrantz (Larry) - Disconnected Awareness for Detecting, Processing, and Remembering in Neurological Patients"
Source: Baars, Banks & Newman - Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness
Paper Comment
1991.
| © Theo Todman, June 2007 - Dec 2025. | Please address any comments on this page to theo@theotodman.com. | File output: Website Maintenance Dashboard | Return to Top of this Page | Return to Theo Todman's Philosophy Page | Return to Theo Todman's Home Page |