Theo Todman's Web Page - Notes Pages

Personal Identity

Forensic Property

(Text as at 06/07/2023 00:43:12)

Plug Note¹

• Thesis Text:
  1. Locke²’s recognition that there are important Forensic – that is, moral – aspects to the topic of Personal Identity is as true today as in his own day, even though we might not share his primary concern in justifying the importance of identifying the resurrected³ with the pre-mortem individuals.
  2. Animalism⁴ may say that psychology has nothing to do with the metaphysics of our identity – in that we continue on as the same animal – if we do – irrespective of our psychological states and history. While this may be true, most of what matters⁵ to us in our Survival⁶ is psychological, and ethical, and our concerns about praise and blame, and especially punishment, remain.
  3. Also, forensic matters are central to the Concept⁷ of Person⁸, even if we are⁹ not – most fundamentally – persons, and Person is an honorific rather than a Substance¹⁰ term.
  4. Forensic matters are central to discussions as to whether – and if so why – all human beings¹¹ are persons for the entirety of their lives.
  5. Finally, Animalism is especially well-motivated in considering – for forensic reasons – whether certain Non-Human Animals¹² are suitable for admission to the class of Person, maybe of reduced degree¹³.

• ---

  Further Remarks:
  1. This Note will discuss the relation of personal identity to ethics, and how much ethical issues ought to drive our thoughts on the metaphysics of personal identity.
  2. Locke¹⁴ had concerns about the correct attribution of moral blame or praise on the Great Day of Reckoning, but I doubt the importance to be given to forensic aspects for the topic of personal identity, other than as a historical motivator.
  3. I reject Frankfurt’s proposal (see "Frankfurt (Harry) - Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person") that wantons¹⁵ are not persons¹⁶, on the grounds that they do satisfy the other standard conditions of personhood: they satisfy rationality and linguistic conditions, have a first-person perspective¹⁷ and survival¹⁸ matters¹⁹ to them.
  4. The issue of the punishment of already-reformed or amnesiac criminals has been thought relevant to issues of personal identity, as though any reluctance to punish was tied to doubts about identity. Such doubts only reflect confusion on the purpose of punishment; it depends whether we think of punishment as reformative, retributive, a deterrent, or merely treat incarceration or execution as a necessary evil for the protection of society²⁰ (by eliminating the source of harm).
  5. Only if we think of punishment as reformative, so there’s no point punishing the seriously repentant, might we have doubts about the propriety of carrying out the punishment. However, the reason isn’t that the criminal is a different person but that the needed reformation has already taken place.
  6. From the other perspectives, for instance the retributive, there is still a point to the punishment of the already-reformed criminal (cf. C.S. Lewis’s advice – probably in "Lewis (C.S.) - Mere Christianity" – to the converted murderer as to his Christian duty – it is “to be hanged”; presumably because this was, in Lewis’s day, his debt to the state, to which, as a good Christian, he must submit), and the temptation to provide reasons not to doesn’t arise.
  7. With respect to amnesiacs, again there’s only a reluctance to punish on the reformatory view, but again the reluctance has nothing to do with questions of identity, but of the attempt at reformation being ineffective or even counter-productive. If I’m punished for something I can’t remember doing, I’m likely to resent the authority that punishes me.
  8. There is a question of whether persons²¹, as distinct from human beings²², are the subjects of special moral concern, or whether it is the reverse implication – that those for whom we feel a special moral concern should be accounted persons.
  9. Whether all persons are morally equal is another matter altogether. This is relevant because if the Great Apes were to be counted as persons, of what moral status would they be? See "Rachels (James) - Morality without the Idea that Humans are Special", in "Rachels (James) - Created From Animals: The Moral Implications of Darwinism", for “Moral Individualism”, the view that difference of moral treatment should depend only on the individual’s characteristics, not their group membership, though thus baldly-stated this raises huge questions.
  10. The Great Ape Project (absurdly, it seems to me; see "Cavalieri (Paola) & Singer (Peter), Eds. - The Great Ape Project - Equality Beyond Humanity") demands moral equality between humans and the great apes, on the grounds that the latter have intellectual capabilities on a par with human 2-3 year-olds. Even human beings aren’t equal in their capacities, but we can invent a law demanding that we treat them equally, and we can enact a law extending this moral equality to encompass the great apes, or even stones, if we like. If the great apes satisfy the criteria for personhood, they are persons, but the right to equality of treatment is only loosely connected to capacities.
  11. See also my – rather dubious – Note on Degrees of Personhood²³
  12. Several papers in the reading lists below are also covered under the Note on Locke, and are only partly relevant.

References

• Relevant Works cited above:
  1. "Cavalieri (Paola) & Singer (Peter), Eds. - The Great Ape Project - Equality Beyond Humanity", 1993, Book, Read
  2. "Frankfurt (Harry) - Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person", 1991, Write-Up Note²⁴, Internal PDF Link, Read
  3. "Rachels (James) - Created From Animals: The Moral Implications of Darwinism", 1991, Book, Read
  4. "Rachels (James) - Morality without the Idea that Humans are Special", 1991, No Abstract, Read
• For a Page of Links²⁵ to this Note, Click here.
• Works on this topic that I’ve actually read²⁶, include the following:-
  • Aeon:
    1. "Benatar (David) - Kids? Just say no", 2017, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    2. "Callcut (Daniel) - Wrestling with relativism", 2023, External Link
    3. "Cheek (Nathan) - Many of us have the wrong idea about poverty and toughness", 2024, External Link
    4. "Frick (Walter) - Economics 101", 2024
    5. "Gopnik (Alison) - Video - Alison Gopnik: Cognition, care and spirituality", 2021, External Link
    6. "Lichtenberg (Judith) - Abolish life sentences", 2022, External Link
    7. "Sepielli (Andrew) - Ethics has no foundation", 2023, External Link
    8. "Tasioulas (John) - Are human rights anything more than legal conventions?", 2017, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    9. "Uzan (Elad) - Moral mathematics", 2022, External Link
    10. "Vinocour (Susan) - Criminally insane", 2020, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    11. "Wilkinson (Dominic) & Doolabh (Keyur) - Which lives matter most?", 2017, External Link, Internal PDF Link
  • General:
    1. "Cavalieri (Paola) & Singer (Peter), Eds. - The Great Ape Project - Equality Beyond Humanity", 1993, Book
    2. "Conee (Earl) - Reply to Timothy Chappell", 2000, Internal PDF Link
    3. "Frankfurt (Harry) - Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person", 1991, Write-Up Note²⁷, Internal PDF Link
    4. "Lerner (Berel Dov) - Review of 'Personal Identity and Ethics: A Brief Introduction' by David Shoemaker", 2009
    5. "Marshall (Richard) & Broome (John) - John Broome: Weighing goods and people", 2017, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    6. "Marshall (Richard) & Woollard (Fiona) - Fiona Woollard: On Doing and Allowing Harm", Undated, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    7. "Noonan (Harold) - Locke", 2003, Annotations
    8. "Rachels (James) - Created From Animals: The Moral Implications of Darwinism", 1991, Book
    9. "Rachels (James) - Morality without the Idea that Humans are Special", 1991, No Abstract
    10. "Scheffler (Samuel) - The Independence and Distinctness of the Personal Point of View", 1994, Footnote₂₈
    11. "Scruton (Roger) - Human Rights: Nonsense On Stilts?", External Link
    12. "Shoemaker (David) - Personal Identity and Ethics: A Brief Introduction", 2009, Book, Footnote₂₉
    13. "Shoemaker (Sydney) - Persons and Personal Identity", 1996
    14. "Von Wachter (Daniel) - Free Agents as Cause", 2003, Annotations
    15. "Williams (Bernard) - Consistency and Realism", 1999, No Abstract, Internal PDF Link
    16. "Williams (Bernard) - Ethical Consistency", 1999, No Abstract, Internal PDF Link
    17. "Williams (Bernard) - Persons, Character and Morality", 1976
• A further reading list might start with:-
  • General:
    1. "Archer (Alfred) & Matheson (Benjamin) - When Artists Fall: Honoring and Admiring the Immoral", 2019, Internal PDF Link, Read = 6%
    2. "Baker (Lynne Rudder) - Persons and the Natural Order", 2007, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 11%
    3. "Benatar (David) - Better Never to Have Been: The Harm Of Coming Into Existence", 2008, Book, Read = 1%
    4. "Bennett (Jonathan) - Locke on Diachronic Identity-Judgements", 2001
    5. "Berghmans (Ron L.P.) - Ethical Hazards of the Substituted Judgement Test in Decision Making Concerning the End of Life of Dementia Patients", 1997, Internal PDF Link
    6. "Bernstein (Mark H.) - On Moral Considerability - An Essay on Who Morally Matters", 1998, Book
    7. "Blackburn (Simon) - Williams, Smith, and the Peculiarity of Piacularity", 2015, Internal PDF Link, Read = 7%
    8. "Blustein (Jeffrey) - Choosing for others as continuing a life story: The problem of personal identity revisited", 1999, Internal PDF Link
    9. "Brennan (Andrew) - Concepts of a Person", 1988
    10. "Caruso (Gregg D.) - Skepticism About Moral Responsibility", 2003-15, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 7%
    11. "Chappell (Tim), Chappell (Sophie Grace) - The Relevance of Metaphysics to Bioethics: A Reply to Earl Conee", 2000, Internal PDF Link, Read = 17%
    12. "Conee (Earl) - Metaphysics and the morality of abortion", 1999, Internal PDF Link, Read = 4%
    13. "Cureton (Adam) - Offensive Beneficence", 2016, Internal PDF Link, Read = 7%
    14. "Degaynesford (Maximilian) - Review of 'The Bounds of Agency: An Essay in Revisionary Metaphysics'", 2002, No Abstract, Internal PDF Link
    15. "DeGrazia (David) - Must We Have Full Moral Status Throughout Our Existence? A Reply to Alfonso Gómez-Lobo", 2007, Internal PDF Link, Read = 17%
    16. "Forrester (Mary) - Problems and Persons: Preface", 1996, Annotations, Read = 67%
    17. "Goodnight (Audra L.) - A Life Worth Living: Value and Responsibility", 2019, Internal PDF Link, Read = 7%
    18. "Johnston (Mark) - What Is Found At The Center?", 2010, Read = 4%
    19. "Kavka (Gregory S.) - The Paradox of Future Individuals", 1982, Internal PDF Link, Read = 6%
    20. "Keba (Andrej) - The Concept of Self-Identity and Moral Conflicts", 2004, Internal PDF Link
    21. "Kolak (Daniel) - I Am You: The Metaphysical Foundations for Global Ethics", 2004, Book, Read = 1%
    22. "Lockwood (Michael), Ed. - Moral Dilemmas in Modern Medicine", 1986, Book, Read = 29%
    23. "Magnusson (Erik) - Children’s rights and the non-identity problem", 2019, Internal PDF Link, Read = 5%
    24. "McCall (Catherine) - Moral Personhood", 1990
    25. "Morris (Herbert) - Persons and Punishment", 1968
    26. "Morse (Jennifer) - Rationality Means Being Willing to Say You're Sorry", 2005, Internal PDF Link
    27. "Nisan (Mordecai) - Personal Identity and Education for the Desirable", 1996
    28. "Poltera (Jacqui) - Is Personal Identity Evaluative?", 2005, Internal PDF Link
    29. "Radest (Howard B.) - Biomedical Ethics: Humanist Perspectives", 2006, Book, Read = 1%
    30. "Robinson (Denis) - Failing To Agree Or Failing To Disagree?: Personal Identity Quasi-Relativism", 2004, Internal PDF Link, Read = 10%
    31. "Rovane (Carol) - The Bounds of Agency: An Essay in Revisionary Metaphysics", 1998, Book
    32. "Schechtman (Marya) - Review of 'The Bounds of Agency: An Essay in Revisionary Metaphysics'", 1999, No Abstract, Internal PDF Link
    33. "Shoemaker (David) - Personal Identity and Practical Concerns", 2007, Internal PDF Link
    34. "Shoemaker (David) - Theoretical Persons and Practical Agents", 1996, Internal PDF Link
    35. "Slors (Marc) - Personal Identity and Responsibility for Past Actions", 2000, Internal PDF Link
    36. "Stenning (Anna) - Understanding empathy through a study of autistic life writing", 2020, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 40%
    37. "Strawson (Galen) - 'The Secrets of All Hearts': Locke on Personal Identity", 2015, Read = 11%
    38. "Strawson (Galen) - 'Where our responsibility lies': Locke on personal identity", 2015+, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 24%
    39. "Tiberius (Valerie) - The Reflective Life: Living Wisely with Our Limits", 2010, Book
    40. "Velleman (David) - Beyond Price", 2008, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 11%
    41. "Velleman (David) - Beyond Price: Papers On Life And Death", 2015, Book, Read = 6%
    42. "Wallace (Kathleen) - Agency, Personhood, and Identity: Carol Rovane's The Bounds of Agency", 2000, No Abstract, Internal PDF Link
    43. "Wandinger (Nikolaus) - The Rationale behind Purgatory", 2010, Read = 13%
    44. "Williams (Bernard) - Moral Incapacity", 1993, Internal PDF Link
    45. "Williams (Bernard) - The Idea of Equality", 1999, No Abstract, Internal PDF Link
    46. "Woollard (Fiona) - Have We Solved the Non-Identity Problem?", 2012, Internal PDF Link, Read = 8%
    47. "Woollard (Fiona) - The New Problem of Numbers in Morality", 2014, Internal PDF Link, Read = 11%
• For further papers held on-line of potential interest, follow this Link³⁰. Total papers = 4.

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• For a list of Works that have been considered, but have missed the cut for inclusion in this Section of my Thesis, see the following:-
  1. Read: No items to list.
  2. Further Reading:
     • General:
       1. "Lewis (C.S.) - Mere Christianity", 1971, Book, Read = 3%, Missed Cut: Irrelevant
• This is mostly a place-holder³¹.

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In-Page Footnotes:

Footnote 28:

• This Chapter has rather more to do with distributive ethics than personal identity or the FPP.

Footnote 29:

• For a review, see "Lerner (Berel Dov) - Review of 'Personal Identity and Ethics: A Brief Introduction' by David Shoemaker".

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Table of the Previous 10 Versions of this Note:

Date	Length	Title
20/09/2022 11:24:00	8972	Forensic Property
11/04/2022 00:01:26	8627	Forensic Property
02/07/2021 20:32:38	6829	Forensic Property
11/02/2021 11:29:46	5786	Forensic Property
25/09/2020 20:15:22	4689	Forensic Property
16/02/2018 00:30:14	5944	Forensic Property
18/12/2010 19:58:05	3382	Forensic Property
26/11/2007 23:25:26	3386	Forensic Property
21/10/2007 09:48:58	3382	Forensic Property
12/08/2007 10:17:46	2720	Forensic Property

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Note last updated	Reading List for this Topic	Parent Topic
06/07/2023 00:43:12	Forensic Property	Research - Proposal

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Summary of Notes Referenced by This Note

Animalism	Animals	Awaiting Attention (Personal Identity)	Concepts	Degrees of Personhood
First-Person Perspective	Frankfurt - Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person	Human Beings	Locke	Note Links Explanation
Person	PID Note, Book & Paper Usage	Plug Note Apologia	Resurrection	Society
Substance	Survival	Wantons	What are We?	What Matters
Works Read - Explanation

To access information, click on one of the links in the table above.

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Summary of Notes Citing This Note

Aeon Papers, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23	Aeon Papers - Summary Document: 2017-2018	Animal Rights	Animals	Baker - Materialism with a Human Face, 2
Baker - Persons in the Material World	Baker - The Constitution View of Human Persons	Baker - The Importance Of Being a Person	Daniel Dennett – Conditions of Personhood	Existential Passage
Free Will	Human Persons	Life After Death	Locke	Narrative Identity
Olson - What Are We? Animals, 2, 3, 4	Olson - What Are We? The Question, 2	PID Note, Book & Paper Usage, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7	Properties	Religion
Research - Proposal	Semantics	Society	Thesis - Chapter 01 (Introduction), 2, 3, 4, 5, 6	Thesis - Chapter 02 (What are We?)
Thesis - Chapter 03 (What is a Person?), 2, 3	Thesis - Chapter 06 (Animalism and Arguments for It), 2	Thesis - Chapter 07 (The Constitution View and Arguments for It)	Thesis - Chapter 11 (Resurrection)	Thesis - Current Stance
Thesis - Personal Identity, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12	Website Generator Documentation - Functors, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

To access information, click on one of the links in the table above.

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Authors, Books & Papers Citing this Note

Author	Title	Medium	Extra Links	Read?
Aeon	Video - Can you transplant a head to another body?	Paper		Yes
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	Materialism with a Human Face	Paper	2	Yes
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	Persons and the Natural Order	Paper
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	Persons in the Material World	Paper		Yes
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	The Constitution View of Human Persons	Paper		Yes
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	The Importance Of Being a Person	Paper		Yes
Bennett (Jonathan)	Locke on Diachronic Identity-Judgements	Paper
Bernhardt-Radu (Stefan)	The eugenicist of UNESCO	Paper		Yes
Blatti (Stephan)	Animalism, Dicephalus, and Borderline Cases	Paper		Yes
Brennan (Andrew)	Concepts of a Person	Paper
Chapman (Colin)	The Israel-Hamas war and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict	Paper		Yes
Dennett (Daniel)	Conditions of Personhood	Paper		Yes
Dennett (Daniel)	Where Am I?	Paper		Yes
Emery (Nina)	Desperate remedies	Paper		Yes
Gibson (Shimon)	The Cave of John the Baptist	Book
Gotlib (Anna)	Main character syndrome	Paper		Yes
Hains (Brigid) & Hains (Paul)	Aeon: 2019+	Paper	2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23	Yes
Hawley (Katherine)	How Things Persist: Introduction	Paper		Yes
Johnston (Mark)	What Is Found At The Center?	Paper
Lerner (Berel Dov)	Review of 'Personal Identity and Ethics: A Brief Introduction' by David Shoemaker	Paper		Yes
Marino (Lori)	Happy the person	Paper		Yes
Misak (Cheryl)	The underground university	Paper		Yes
Morriston (Wes)	Does Plantinga's God have freedom-canceling control over his creatures? A response to Richard Gale	Paper
Noonan (Harold)	Locke	Paper		Yes
Olson (Eric)	What Are We? Animals	Paper	2, 3, 4	Yes
Olson (Eric)	What Are We? The Question	Paper	2	Yes
Potter (Harry), Shears (Tara), Carlisle (Clare) & Broks (Paul)	Audio: How Can I Know Anything at All?	Paper		Yes
Radden (Jennifer)	Divided Minds and Successive Selves: Ethical Issues in Disorders of Identity and Personality	Book
Radden (Jennifer)	Memory, Responsibility, and Contrition	Paper
Sharma (Kanika)	What’s in the rule of law?	Paper		Yes
Shoemaker (David)	Personal Identity and Immortality	Paper		Yes
Shoemaker (David)	Personal Identity and Moral Responsibility	Paper		Yes
Shoemaker (Sydney)	Persons and Personal Identity	Paper	2	Yes
Southgate (Susan Jane)	Personal Identity: The Simple View	Paper
Strawson (Galen)	'The Secrets of All Hearts': Locke on Personal Identity	Paper	2
Strawson (Galen)	'Where our responsibility lies': Locke on personal identity	Paper	2, 3, 4
Thompson (Jon W.)	Personal Identity and Resurrection: Early Modern Philosophical Perspectives	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Animal Rights	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Animals	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Chapter 01 (Introduction)	Paper	2, 3, 4, 5, 6	Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Chapter 02 (What Are We?)	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Chapter 03 (What is a Person?)	Paper	2, 3	Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Chapter 06 (Animalism and Arguments for It)	Paper	2	Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Chapter 07 (The Constitution View and Arguments for It)	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Chapter 11 (Resurrection)	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Current Position	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Free Will	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Human Persons	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Life After Death	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Locke	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Narrative Identity	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Personal Identity	Paper	2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Properties	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Religion	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Semantics	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Society	Paper		Yes
Vinocour (Susan)	Criminally insane	Paper	2	Yes
Wiggins (David)	Preface: Sameness and Substance Renewed	Paper	2	Yes
Wirzbicki (Peter)	Ralph Waldo Emerson would really hate your Twitter feed	Paper		Yes

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References & Reading List

Author	Title	Medium	Source	Read?
Aeon	Video - Saviour siblings	Paper - By Subtopic	Aeon, 07 August 2024	Yes
Archer (Alfred) & Matheson (Benjamin)	When Artists Fall: Honoring and Admiring the Immoral	Paper - Cited	Journal of the American Philosophical Association (2019) pp. 246 - 265	6%
Bailey (Andrew M.)	Our animal interests	Paper - By Subtopic	Philosophical Studies, published online 17 October 2016. 174:2315–2328	17%
Bailey (Andrew M.) & Rasmussen (Joshua)	How valuable could a material object be?	Paper - By Subtopic	Journal of the American Philosophical Association (2016) 332–343	8%
Bailey (Andrew M.) & Rasmussen (Joshua)	How Valuable Could a Person Be?	Paper - By Subtopic	Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. 2021;103:264–277	8%
Bailey (Andrew M.), Thornton (Allison Krile) & van Elswyk (P.)	Why animalism matters	Paper - By Subtopic	Philosophical Studies, published online 23 February 2021	8%
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	Persons and the Natural Order	Paper - By Subtopic	Van Inwagen (Peter) & Zimmerman (Dean) - Persons: Human and Divine	11%
Bedau (Hugo) & Erin (Kelly)	Punishment	Paper - By Subtopic	Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy, 2003-15	20%
Benatar (David)	Better Never to Have Been: The Harm Of Coming Into Existence	Book - Cited	Benatar (David) - Better Never to Have Been: The Harm Of Coming Into Existence	1%
Benatar (David)	Better Never to Have Been: The Harm Of Coming Into Existence	Paper - By Subtopic	Benatar (David) - Better Never to Have Been: The Harm Of Coming Into Existence	1%
Benatar (David)	Kids? Just say no	Paper - Cited	Aeon, 19 October, 2017	Yes
Bennett (Jonathan)	Locke on Diachronic Identity-Judgements	Paper - By Subtopic	Learning from Six Philosophers, Volume 2, Chapter 39, 2001	No
Bernhardt-Radu (Stefan)	The eugenicist of UNESCO	Paper - By Subtopic	Aeon, 02 December 2024	Yes
Bernstein (Mark H.)	On Moral Considerability - An Essay on Who Morally Matters	Book - Cited	Bernstein (Mark H.) - On Moral Considerability - An Essay on Who Morally Matters	No
Blackburn (Simon)	Williams, Smith, and the Peculiarity of Piacularity	Paper - By Subtopic	Journal of the American Philosophical Association (2015) pp. 217-232	7%
Bourgeois (Warren)	Modern Philosophers' Views on Persons: Yet More Moderns	Paper - By Subtopic	Bourgeois - Persons: What Philosophers Say about You, 2003, Chapter 7	50%
Bourgeois (Warren)	Persons: What Philosophers Say about You	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Bourgeois (Warren) - Persons: What Philosophers Say about You	15%
Brennan (Andrew)	Concepts of a Person	Paper - By Subtopic	Brennan - Conditions of Identity, 1988, Chapter 10	No
Brennan (Andrew)	Conditions of Identity	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Brennan (Andrew) - Conditions of Identity	0%
Callcut (Daniel)	Wrestling with relativism	Paper - Cited	Aeon, 20 October 2023	Yes
Campbell (Joseph Keim), O'Rourke (Michael) & Silverstein (Harry S.)	Time and Identity	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Campbell (Joseph Keim), O'Rourke (Michael) & Silverstein (Harry S.) - Time and Identity	10%
Card (David) & Krueger (Alan B.)	Minimum Wages and Employment	Paper - By Subtopic	American Economic Review, Vol. 84, No. 4, pp. 772-793, September 1994	33%
Caruso (Gregg D.)	Public Health and Safety: The Social Determinants of Health and Criminal Behavior	Paper - By Subtopic	Author's Website / researcherslinks.com	6%
Caruso (Gregg D.)	Skepticism About Moral Responsibility	Paper - By Subtopic	Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy, 2003-15	7%
Cavalieri (Paola) & Singer (Peter), Eds.	The Great Ape Project - Equality Beyond Humanity	Book - Cited	Cavalieri (Paola) & Singer (Peter), Eds. - The Great Ape Project - Equality Beyond Humanity	Yes
Chappell (Tim), Chappell (Sophie Grace)	The Relevance of Metaphysics to Bioethics: A Reply to Earl Conee	Paper - By Subtopic	Mind, Vol. 109, No. 434, Apr., 2000, pp. 275-279	17%
Cheek (Nathan)	Many of us have the wrong idea about poverty and toughness	Paper - Cited	Aeon, 11 April 2024	Yes
Chisholm (Roderick)	On Metaphysics	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Chisholm (Roderick) - On Metaphysics	10%
Chisholm (Roderick)	Responsibility and Avoidability	Paper - By Subtopic	Chisholm - On Metaphysics, 1989, Chapter 1	No
Conee (Earl)	Metaphysics and the morality of abortion	Paper - By Subtopic	Mind, Volume 108, Number 432, October 1999 , pp. 619-646(28)	4%
Cureton (Adam)	Offensive Beneficence	Paper - By Subtopic	Journal of the American Philosophical Association (2016) pp. 74-90	7%
Francione (Gary)	Personhood, Property and Legal Competence	Paper - By Subtopic	Cavalieri & Singer - The Great Ape Project - Equality Beyond Humanity	44%
Frankfurt (Harry)	Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person	Paper - Cited	Rosenthal - The Nature of Mind	Yes
Frick (Walter)	Economics 101	Paper - Cited	Aeon, 07 June 2024	Yes
Glannon (Walter)	Moral Responsibility and Personal Identity	Paper - By Subtopic	American Philosophical Quarterly , Jul., 1998, Vol. 35, No. 3 (Jul., 1998), pp. 231-249	11%
Gopnik (Alison)	Video - Alison Gopnik: Cognition, care and spirituality	Paper - Cited	Aeon, 20 September 2021	Yes
Hains (Brigid) & Hains (Paul)	Aeon: A-B (& General)	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	100%
Hains (Brigid) & Hains (Paul)	Aeon: Follow-up Boxes	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Hains (Brigid) & Hains (Paul) - Aeon: Follow-up Boxes	100%
Hains (Brigid) & Hains (Paul)	Aeon: Follow-up Boxes	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	100%
Hains (Brigid) & Hains (Paul)	Aeon: Q-S	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Hains (Brigid) & Hains (Paul) - Aeon: Q-S	29%
Hains (Brigid) & Hains (Paul)	Aeon: T-Z	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Hains (Brigid) & Hains (Paul) - Aeon: T-Z	21%
Hains (Brigid) & Hains (Paul)	Aeon: T-Z	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	21%
Johnston (Mark)	Surviving Death	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Johnston (Mark) - Surviving Death	13%
Johnston (Mark)	What Is Found At The Center?	Paper - By Subtopic	Johnston (Mark) - Surviving Death, 2010	4%
Kelly (Daniel) & Westra (Evan)	Moral progress is annoying	Paper - By Subtopic	Aeon, 21 June 2024	Yes
Kolak (Daniel)	I Am You: The Metaphysical Foundations for Global Ethics	Book - Cited	Kolak (Daniel) - I Am You: The Metaphysical Foundations for Global Ethics	1%
Lerner (Berel Dov)	Review of 'Personal Identity and Ethics: A Brief Introduction' by David Shoemaker	Paper - By Subtopic	Metapsychology Online Reviews, Jun 16th 2009 (Volume 13, Issue 25)	Yes
Lewis (C.S.)	Mere Christianity	Book - Cited	Lewis (C.S.) - Mere Christianity	3%
Lichtenberg (Judith)	Abolish life sentences	Paper - Cited	Aeon, 12 August 2022	Yes
Lockwood (Michael), Ed.	Moral Dilemmas in Modern Medicine	Book - By Subtopic	Lockwood (Michael), Ed. - Moral Dilemmas in Modern Medicine	29%
Magnusson (Erik)	Children’s rights and the non-identity problem	Paper - By Subtopic	Canadian Journal of Philosophy (2019), Vol. 49, No. 5, 580–605	5%
Marshall (Richard) & Broome (John)	John Broome: Weighing goods and people	Paper - By Subtopic	3:AM Magazine, 03 April 2017	Yes
Noonan (Harold)	Locke	Paper - By Subtopic	Noonan - Personal Identity, 2003, Chapter 2	Yes
Noonan (Harold)	Personal Identity	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Noonan (Harold) - Personal Identity	Yes
O'Hear (Anthony), Ed.	Mind, Self and Person	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	O'Hear (Anthony), Ed. - Mind, Self and Person	35%
Petrus (Klaus), Ed.	On Human Persons	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Petrus (Klaus), Ed. - On Human Persons	73%
Puccetti (Roland)	Persons: A Study of Possible Moral Agents in the Universe	Book - By Subtopic	Puccetti (Roland) - Persons: A Study of Possible Moral Agents in the Universe	2%
Qureshi-Hurst (Emily)	Is the Problem of Evil Made Worse by the Many Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics?	Paper - By Subtopic	University of St Andrews, Theological Puzzles, Tuesday 11 January 2022	33%
Qureshi-Hurst (Emily)	Many Worlds and Moral Responsibility	Paper - By Subtopic	Theology and Science, Volume 22, 2024 - Issue 3	13%
Qureshi-Hurst (Emily)	The Many Worries Of Many Worlds	Paper - By Subtopic	Zygon, vol. 58, no. 1 (March 2023)	11%
Rachels (James)	Created From Animals: The Moral Implications of Darwinism	Book - Cited	Rachels (James) - Created From Animals: The Moral Implications of Darwinism	Yes
Rachels (James)	Morality without the Idea that Humans are Special	Paper - Cited	Rachels - Created From Animals: The Moral Implications of Darwinism, Chapter 5	Yes
Radest (Howard B.)	Biomedical Ethics: Humanist Perspectives	Book - By Subtopic	Radest (Howard B.) - Biomedical Ethics: Humanist Perspectives	1%
Regan (Tom), Ed.	Matters of Life and Death: New Introductory Essays in Moral Philosophy	Book - By Subtopic	Regan (Tom), Ed. - Matters of Life and Death: New Introductory Essays in Moral Philosophy	2%
Robinson (Denis)	Failing To Agree Or Failing To Disagree?: Personal Identity Quasi-Relativism	Paper - By Subtopic	Monist, Oct2004, Vol. 87 Issue 4, p512-536, 25p;	10%
Rorty (Amélie Oksenberg), Ed.	The Identities of Persons	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Rorty (Amélie Oksenberg), Ed. - The Identities of Persons	23%
Rosenthal (David), Ed.	The Nature of Mind	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	10%
Rovane (Carol)	A Revisionary Proposal	Paper - By Subtopic	Rovane - The Bounds of Agency, Chapter 3, pp. 65-126	No
Rovane (Carol)	A Sufficient Condition for Personal Identity	Paper - By Subtopic	Rovane - The Bounds of Agency, Chapter 4, pp. 136-166	No
Rovane (Carol)	Lessons from Locke	Paper - By Subtopic	Rovane - The Bounds of Agency, Introduction to Part I, pp. 3-12	No
Rovane (Carol)	On the Need for Revision	Paper - By Subtopic	Rovane - The Bounds of Agency, Chapter 2, pp. 35-64	No
Rovane (Carol)	Personal Identity: The Body Practic	Paper - By Subtopic	Rovane - The Bounds of Agency, Introduction to Part II, pp. 127-135	No
Rovane (Carol)	Preview of the Normative Analysis of Personal Identity	Paper - By Subtopic	Rovane - The Bounds of Agency, Chapter 1, pp. 13-34	No
Rovane (Carol)	The Bounds of Agency: An Essay in Revisionary Metaphysics	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Rovane (Carol) - The Bounds of Agency: An Essay in Revisionary Metaphysics	No
Rovane (Carol)	The Bounds of Agency: Postscript	Paper - By Subtopic	Rovane - The Bounds of Agency, Postscript, pp. 245-250	No
Rovane (Carol)	The Sufficient Condition Is Also Necessary	Paper - By Subtopic	Rovane - The Bounds of Agency, Chapter 5, pp. 167-208	No
Schechtman (Marya)	Review of 'The Bounds of Agency: An Essay in Revisionary Metaphysics'	Paper - By Subtopic	Ethics, Jul99, Vol. 109 Issue 4, p919, 4p	No
Scheffler (Samuel)	Aging as a Normative Phenomenon	Paper - By Subtopic	Journal of the American Philosophical Association (2016) pp. 505-522	7%
Scheffler (Samuel)	The Independence and Distinctness of the Personal Point of View	Paper - By Subtopic	Scheffler - The Rejection of Consequentialism, Chapter 3	Yes
Scheffler (Samuel)	The Rejection of Consequentialism	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Scheffler (Samuel) - The Rejection of Consequentialism	Yes
Schlossberger (Eugene)	Moral Responsibility and Persons	Book - By Subtopic	Schlossberger (Eugene) - Moral Responsibility and Persons	1%
Schofield (Philip)	Jeremy Bentham's ‘Nonsense upon Stilts’	Paper - By Subtopic	Utilitas , Volume 15 , Issue 1 , March 2003 , pp. 1 - 26	7%
Scruton (Roger)	Human Rights: Nonsense On Stilts?	Paper - By Subtopic	Forbes Magazine, 20 May 2014	Yes
Sepielli (Andrew)	Ethics has no foundation	Paper - Cited	Aeon, 24 November 2023	Yes
Shoemaker (David)	Personal Identity and Ethics: A Brief Introduction	Book - Cited	Shoemaker (David) - Personal Identity and Ethics: A Brief Introduction	Yes
Shoemaker (David)	Personal Identity and Moral Responsibility	Paper - By Subtopic	Shoemaker (David) - Personal Identity and Ethics: A Brief Introduction, 2009, Chapter 7	Yes
Shoemaker (David)	Theoretical Persons and Practical Agents	Paper - By Subtopic	Philosophy and Public Affairs, Vol. 25, No. 4. (Autumn, 1996), pp. 318-332	No
Shoemaker (Sydney)	Persons and Personal Identity	Paper - By Subtopic	Kim & Sosa - A Companion to Metaphysics	Yes
Singer (Peter)	Rethinking Life & Death - The Collapse Our Traditional Ethics	Book - By Subtopic	Singer (Peter) - Rethinking Life & Death - The Collapse Our Traditional Ethics	1%
Strawson (Galen)	'The Secrets of All Hearts': Locke on Personal Identity	Paper - By Subtopic	O'Hear (Anthony), Ed. - Mind, Self and Person, 2015	11%
Strawson (Galen)	'Where our responsibility lies': Locke on personal identity	Paper - By Subtopic	Retrieved from Academia.edu	24%
Tasioulas (John)	Are human rights anything more than legal conventions?	Paper - Cited	Aeon, 11 April, 2017	Yes
Tiberius (Valerie)	The Reflective Life: Living Wisely with Our Limits	Book - By Subtopic	Tiberius (Valerie) - The Reflective Life: Living Wisely with Our Limits	0%
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Forensic Property	Paper - By Subtopic		Yes
Tognazzini (Neal A.)	Persistence and Responsibility	Paper - By Subtopic	Campbell, O'Rourke & Silverstein - Time and Identity, 2005-10, II - Identity, Chapter 7	5%
UCF	Bibliography: Medical Issues and the Person: A Bibliography of Philosophical Sources	Paper - By Subtopic	University of Central Florida	No
Uzan (Elad)	Moral mathematics	Paper - Cited	Aeon, 28 November 2022	Yes
Van Inwagen (Peter) & Zimmerman (Dean)	Persons: Human and Divine	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Van Inwagen (Peter) & Zimmerman (Dean) - Persons: Human and Divine	3%
Velleman (David)	Beyond Price: Papers On Life And Death	Book - By Subtopic	Velleman (David) - Beyond Price: Papers On Life And Death	10%
Vinocour (Susan)	Criminally insane	Paper - By Subtopic	Aeon, 08 June, 2020	Yes
Von Wachter (Daniel)	Free Agents as Cause	Paper - By Subtopic	Petrus - On Human Persons, 2003	Yes
Wallace (Kathleen)	Agency, Personhood, and Identity: Carol Rovane's The Bounds of Agency	Paper - By Subtopic	Metaphilosophy; Aug2000, Vol. 31 Issue 3, p311, 12p	No
Wilkinson (Dominic) & Doolabh (Keyur)	Which lives matter most?	Paper - By Subtopic	Aeon, 12 June, 2017	Yes
Williams (Bernard)	Ethical Consistency	Paper - By Subtopic	Williams - Problems of the Self	Yes
Williams (Bernard)	Making Sense of Humanity (and Other Philosophical Papers)	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Williams (Bernard) - Making Sense of Humanity (and Other Philosophical Papers)	14%
Williams (Bernard)	Moral Incapacity	Paper - By Subtopic	Williams - Making Sense of Humanity (and Other Philosophical Papers)	No
Williams (Bernard)	Persons, Character and Morality	Paper - By Subtopic	Rorty (Amelie) - The Identities of Persons, 1976	Yes
Williams (Bernard)	Problems of the Self	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Williams (Bernard) - Problems of the Self	37%
Williams (Bernard)	The Idea of Equality	Paper - By Subtopic	Williams - Problems of the Self	No
Woollard (Fiona)	‘Utilitarianism for animals: deontology for people’ and the doing/allowing distinction	Paper - By Subtopic	Philosophical Studies Volume 180, pages 1149–1168, (2023)	17%
Woollard (Fiona)	Most Ways I Could Move: Bennett's Act/Omission Distinction and the Behaviour Space	Paper - By Subtopic	Mind, Vol. 120, No. 477 (January 2011), pp. 155-182	4%
Woollard (Fiona)	Mother Knows Best: Pregnancy, Applied Ethics, and Epistemically Transformative Experiences	Paper - By Subtopic	Journal of Applied Philosophy, Vol. 38, No. 1, February 2021	13%
Woollard (Fiona)	The New Problem of Numbers in Morality	Paper - By Subtopic	Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, Vol. 17, No. 4, Special Issue: BSET-conference 2013 (August 2014), pp. 631-641	11%
Zimmerman (Dean) & Gendler (Tamar Szabo), Eds.	Monist Special Issue: Personal Identity	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Zimmerman (Dean) & Gendler (Tamar Szabo), Eds. - Monist Special Issue: Personal Identity	2%

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