Theo Todman's Web Page - Notes Pages

Personal Identity

Computers

(Text as at 06/07/2023 00:43:12)

Plug Note¹

• Thesis Text:
  1. This discussion will be restricted to the role Computers play in the philosophy of Mind and Personal Identity. While I am an animalist², the mind³ and brain⁴ are important topics in alternative accounts – in particular the Psychological View⁵ and the Constitution View⁶.
  2. The “Computer Model” of the mind seems to be the dominant paradigm in neuroscience. This is the view that the brain operates like a digital computer. This is disputed by, for example "Epstein (Robert) - The empty brain".
  3. There’s a cross-over in much of the above topic with Functionalism⁷.
  4. Where this gets exciting is in the Transhumanist⁸ hope of uploading⁹ (you¹⁰, or your mind¹¹) to a computer. This will be dealt with under the head of Uploading¹².
  5. A related issue – also currently noted under Transhumanism – is whether we are (most probably) living in a computer simulations, whether or not we might have been uploaded¹³ there.
  6. Also, there’s the whole question of Artificial Intelligence¹⁴, and in particular whether computers – or maybe even computer programs – might ever become persons¹⁵.
  7. This topic might get caught up in the “Connectionism” debate, and whether connectionism – which seeks to adopt the neural connectionist architecture of the brain – can account for the “systematicity of cognition”. I don’t want to stray too far down this interesting path.
  8. I might also add the question whether the success of self-teaching game machines (AlphaGo and AlphaZero – I have "Sadler (Matthew) & Regan (Natasha) - Game Changer: AlphaZero's Groundbreaking Chess Strategies and the Promise of AI", but it is mostly about chess!) have anything to say about the innateness controversy – whether human beings are born with a “language¹⁶ instinct” or whether generic associative learning capabilities are sufficient to explain the near-miraculous acquisition of language by toddlers. I used to think not – see the Poverty of the Stimulus Argument¹⁷.

• ---

  Further Remarks:
  1. I have the following items on Connectionism (amongst many others):-
     1. "Bechtel (William) - The Case For Connectionism",
     2. "Davies (Martin) - Connectionism, Modularity, and Tacit Knowledge",
     3. "Garson (James) - Connectionism",
     4. "MacDonald (Cynthia) & MacDonald (Graham), Eds. - Connectionism: Debates in Psychological Explanation - Vol. 2" (many useful papers), and
     5. "Smolensky (Paul) - Connectionist Modelling; Neural Computation / Mental Connections".
        
  2. I was interested in this debate – whether connectionism can explain systematicity – during my undergraduate days, and have the following interesting items on the topic:-
     1. "Blackmon (James), Byrd (David), Cummins (Robert), Poirier (Pierre), Schwarz (Georg) & Roth (Martin) - Systematicity and the Cognition of Structured Domains",
     2. "Cummins (Robert) - Systematicity",
     3. "Fodor (Jerry) - Connectionism and the Problem of Systematicity (Continued): Why Smolensky's Solution Still Doesn't Work", and
     4. "Matthews (Robert) - Can Connectionists Explain Systematicity?"
        

References

• Relevant Works cited above:
  1. "Epstein (Robert) - The empty brain", 2016, Annotations, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read
  2. "Sadler (Matthew) & Regan (Natasha) - Game Changer: AlphaZero's Groundbreaking Chess Strategies and the Promise of AI", 2019, Book, Read = 3%
• For a Page of Links¹⁸ to this Note, Click here. Unfortunately, there are so many links that I’ve not been able to make use of them as yet.
• Works on this topic that I’ve actually read¹⁹, include the following:-
  • Aeon:
    1. "Epstein (Robert) - The empty brain", 2016, Annotations, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    2. "Graziano (Michael) - Endless fun", 2013, External Link, Internal PDF Link
  • General:
    1. "Ball (Philip) - We might live in a computer program, but it may not matter", 2016
    2. "Bostrom (Nick) - Are You Living in a Computer Simulation?", 2003, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    3. "Bostrom (Nick) - How Long Before Superintelligence?", 1998, Annotations, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    4. "Christian (Brian) - The Most Human Human: A Defence of Humanity in the Age of the Computer", 2011, Book
    5. "Dainton (Barry) - Self: Philosophy In Transit: Prologue", 2014
    6. "Dennett (Daniel) - Where Am I?", 1997, Annotations, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Footnote₂₀
    7. "Lavelle (Suilin) - Minds, Brains and Computers", 2013, Internal PDF Link
    8. "MacKay (Donald) - Computer Software and Life After Death", 1997
    9. "Maxwell (Grover) - Intentionality: Hardware, not software", 1980
    10. "Pasquale (Frank) - Digital star chamber", 2015, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    11. "Price (Huw), Cave (Stephen), Iida (Fumiya), Etc. - Preparing for the future: artificial intelligence and us: Part 1", 2018, External Link
    12. "Price (Huw), Cave (Stephen), Iida (Fumiya), Etc. - Preparing for the future: artificial intelligence and us: Part 2", 2018, External Link
    13. "Roeder (Oliver) - There is no difference between computer art and human art", 2016, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    14. "Searle (John) - Minds, Brains and Science: The 1984 Reith Lectures", 1984, Book
    15. "Searle (John) - Minds, Brains, and Programs", 1980, Write-Up Note²¹, Internal PDF Link
    16. "Shanahan (Murray) - The Frame Problem", 2004-8, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    17. "Shipley (G.J.) - Review of Andy Clark's 'Natural-Born Cyborgs'", 2004, Annotations, Internal PDF Link
    18. "Snowdon (Paul) - Philosophy and the Mind/Body Problem", 2015, External Link
    19. "Wilkes (Kathleen) - Models of Mind", 2003
    20. "Zimmerman (Dean) - Bodily Resurrection: The Falling Elevator Model Revisited", 2010, Annotations, Internal PDF Link
• There is currently no categorised reading-list for this topic. A further reading list might start with₂₂:-
  • General:
    1. "Baker (Lynne Rudder) - Why Computers Can't Act", 1981, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 17%
    2. "Barberousse (Anouk), Francescelli (Sara) & Imbert (Cyrille) - Computer Simulations as Experiments", 2008?, Internal PDF Link
    3. "Barbour (Ian) - Neuroscience, Artificial Intelligence, and Human Nature: Theological and Philosophical Reflections", 2000, External Link
    4. "Bechtel (William) - The Case For Connectionism", 1999
    5. "Blackmon (James), Byrd (David), Cummins (Robert), Poirier (Pierre), Schwarz (Georg) & Roth (Martin) - Systematicity and the Cognition of Structured Domains", 2001, Internal PDF Link
    6. "Block (Ned) - The Computer Model of the Mind", 1995, No Abstract
    7. "Block (Ned) - The Mind as the Software of the Brain", 1998, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 5%, Footnote₂₃
    8. "Brennan (Andrew) - Survival", 1984, Internal PDF Link, Read = 5%
    9. "Bynum (Terrell Ward) - Audio: Two Philosophers of the Information Age", 2009, Read = 67%
    10. "Campbell (Scott) - Persons and Substances", 2001
    11. "Churchland (Paul) & Churchland (Patricia) - Could a Machine Think?", 1990, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    12. "Cole (David) - Artificial Intelligence and Personal Identity", 1991, Internal PDF Link, Read = 11%
    13. "Cummins (Robert) - Systematicity", 1996, Internal PDF Link
    14. "Davies (Martin) - Connectionism, Modularity, and Tacit Knowledge", 1989, Internal PDF Link
    15. "Dennett (Daniel) - Artifactual Selves: a Response to Lynne Rudder Baker", 2014, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    16. "Dennett (Daniel) - When Hal Kills, Who's to Blame? Computer Ethics", 1997, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    17. "Dennett (Daniel) - Why You Can't Make a Computer that Feels Pain", 1997, Internal PDF Link
    18. "Ellis (George F.R.) & Drossel (Barbara) - How Downwards Causation Occurs in Digital Computers", 2019, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 4%
    19. "Fetzer (James) - Computers and Cognition", 2005
    20. "Fodor (Jerry) - Connectionism and the Problem of Systematicity (Continued): Why Smolensky's Solution Still Doesn't Work", 1996, No Abstract
    21. "Frigg (Roman) & Reiss (Julian) - The Philosophy of Simulation: Hot New Issues or Same Old Stew?", 2008?, Internal PDF Link, Footnote₂₄
    22. "Garson (James) - Connectionism", 1997-2010, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 4%
    23. "Gelernter (David) - Mirror Worlds", 1991, Book, Read = 1%
    24. "Gelernter (David) - The Muse in the Machine - Computers and Creative Thought", 1994, Book, Footnote₂₅
    25. "Goertzel (Ben) - Artificial General Intelligence and the Future of Humanity", 2013
    26. "Graham (George) - Mind and Belief in Computers", 1998, Read = 29%
    27. "Hauser (Larry) - Artificial Intelligence", 2007, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 33%
    28. "Hofstadter (Douglas) - Who Shoves Whom around inside the Careenium? Or What Is the Meaning of the Word 'I'?", 1982, No Abstract, Internal PDF Link
    29. "Kaess (Genevieve) - Could Consciousness Emerge from a Machine Language?", 2011, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    30. "Kim (Jaegwon) - Mind as a Computer: Machine Functionalism", 1998, Read = 19%
    31. "Leiber (Justin) - Can Animals and Machines Be Persons? : Introduction, Setting, Notes & Reading List", 1985
    32. "Lewis (David) - Lucas Against Mechanism", 1969, Internal PDF Link, Read = 33%
    33. "Lewis (David) - Lucas Against Mechanism II", 1979, Internal PDF Link, Read = 33%
    34. "Lucas (J.R.) - Minds, Machines and Gödel", 1961, Internal PDF Link, Read = 13%
    35. "MacDonald (Cynthia) & MacDonald (Graham), Eds. - Connectionism: Debates in Psychological Explanation - Vol. 2", 1995, Book, Read = 3%
    36. "Matthews (Robert) - Can Connectionists Explain Systematicity?", 1997
    37. "McCarthy (John) - Awareness and understanding in computer programs. A Review of Shadows of the Mind by Roger Penrose", 1995, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    38. "Nagel (Thomas) - Searle: Why We Are Not Computers", 1995, Read = 13%
    39. "Olson (Eric) - Computer-Generated Life", 1997, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    40. "Parker (Wendy) - Does Matter Really Matter? Computer Simulations, Experiments, and Materiality", 2008?, Internal PDF Link, Footnote₂₆
    41. "Pollock (John L.) - How to Build a Person: A Prolegomenon", 1989, Book, Read = 4%
    42. "Pollock (John L.) - Practical Reasoning in Oscar", 1995, Internal PDF Link
    43. "Pollock (John L.) - The Building of Oscar", 1988, Internal PDF Link
    44. "Pollock (John L.) - What Am I? Virtual Machines and the Mind/Body Problem", 2008, Internal PDF Link
    45. "Rapaport (William J.) - Prolegomena to a Study of Hector-Neri Castaneda's Influence on Artificial Intelligence: A Survey and Personal Reflections", 1998, Internal PDF Link
    46. "Sadler (Matthew) & Regan (Natasha) - Game Changer: AlphaZero's Groundbreaking Chess Strategies and the Promise of AI", 2019, Book, Read = 3%
    47. "Sandberg (Anders) & Bostrom (Nick) - Whole Brain Emulation: A Roadmap", 2008, Internal PDF Link
    48. "Sanford (David H.) - Where Was I?", 1981, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    49. "Searle (John) - ‘I Married a Computer’: An Exchange (between Ray Kurzweil and John Searle)", 1999, Internal PDF Link
    50. "Searle (John) - Can Computers Think?", 1984, Read = 17%, Footnote₂₇
    51. "Searle (John) - Is the Brain's Mind a Computer Program?", 1990, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 17%, Footnote₂₈
    52. "Searle (John) - Is the Brain's Mind a Computer Program? MIT Comments", 2015, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    53. "Searle (John) - The Rediscovery of the Mind", 1994, Book, Read = 15%
    54. "Simons (Geoff) - Are Computers Alive? Evolution and New Life Forms", 1983, Book, Read = 2%
    55. "Smolensky (Paul) - Connectionist Modelling; Neural Computation / Mental Connections", 1997, No Abstract
    56. "Steele (Guy L.) - Comments on Hofstadter's 'Who Shoves Whom around inside the Careenium?'", 1982, Internal PDF Link
    57. "Turing (Alan) - On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem", 1937, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    58. "Wilensky (Robert) - Computers, cognition and philosophy", 1980, Read = 33%

  ---

• For a list of Works that have been considered, but have missed the cut for inclusion in this Section of my Thesis, see the following:-
  1. Read: No items to list.
  2. Further Reading:
     • General:
       1. "APA - Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers: 01.1", 2001, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
       2. "APA - Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers: 02.1", 2002, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
       3. "APA - Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers: 02.2", 2003, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
       4. "APA - Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers: 03.1", 2003, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
       5. "APA - Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers: 03.2", 2004, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
       6. "APA - Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers: 04.1", 2004, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
       7. "APA - Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers: 04.2", 2005, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
       8. "APA - Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers: 05.1", 2005, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
       9. "APA - Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers: 05.2", 2006, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
       10. "APA - Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers: 06.1", 2006, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
       11. "APA - Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers: 06.2", 2007, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
       12. "APA - Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers: 07.1", 2007, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
       13. "APA - Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers: 07.2", 2008, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
       14. "APA - Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers: 08.1", 2008, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
       15. "APA - Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers: 08.2", 2009, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
       16. "APA - Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers: 09.1", 2009, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
       17. "APA - Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers: 09.2", 2010, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
       18. "APA - Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers: 10.1", 2010, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
       19. "APA - Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers: 10.2", 2011, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
       20. "APA - Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers: 11.1", 2011, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
       21. "APA - Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers: 11.2", 2012, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
       22. "APA - Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers: 12.1", 2012, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
       23. "APA - Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers: 12.2", 2013, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
       24. "APA - Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers: 13.1", 2013, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
       25. "APA - Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers: 13.2", 2014, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
       26. "APA - Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers: 14.1", 2014, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
       27. "APA - Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers: 14.2", 2015, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
       28. "APA - Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers: 15.1", 2015, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
       29. "APA - Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers: 15.2", 2016, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
       30. "APA - Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers: 16.1", 2016, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
• This is mostly a place-holder²⁹.

---

In-Page Footnotes:

Footnote 20:

• See "Sanford (David H.) - Where Was I?" for a follow-up (with a commentary by Dennett).

Footnote 22:

• The list is rather long, and will need pruning when I get down to this topic.

Footnote 23:

• See "Block (Ned) - The Computer Model of the Mind" for a shorter version.

Footnote 24:

• This paper no doubt considers the use of computers for simulating situations other than minds, so might not be directly relevant.

Footnote 25:

• "Gelernter (David) - Mirror Worlds" is more a prediction of the internet, and is probably (even) less relevant.

Footnote 26:

• This seems somewhat tangential, as it’s not focused on simulating persons, but it might be useful background.

Footnote 27:

• There’s quite a lot by Searle that is relevant, but it’s important not to get dragged in too far into his “outlier” perspective – unless, of course, he’s right!
• It may be best to start with the whole of the book from which this paper is taken, ie. "Searle (John) - Minds, Brains and Science: The 1984 Reith Lectures".

Footnote 28:

• See also "Searle (John) - Is the Brain's Mind a Computer Program? MIT Comments".

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Table of the Previous 6 Versions of this Note:

Date	Length	Title
20/09/2022 11:24:00	9602	Computers
15/05/2022 13:19:12	9186	Computers
09/02/2021 00:40:19	8889	Computers
15/09/2020 13:32:10	4995	Computers
24/06/2018 16:32:10	6595	Computers
31/08/2017 19:35:02	4572	Computers

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Note last updated	Reading List for this Topic	Parent Topic
06/07/2023 00:43:12	None available	Transhumanism

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Summary of Notes Referenced by This Note

Animalism	Awaiting Attention (Personal Identity)	Brain	Constitution View	Functionalism
Intelligence	Language of Thought	Mind	Note Links Explanation	Person
Plug Note Apologia	Poverty of Stimulus	Psychological View	Searle - Minds, Brains, and Programs	Transhumanism
Uploading	What are We?	Works Read - Explanation

To access information, click on one of the links in the table above.

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Summary of Notes Citing This Note

Aeon Papers, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9	Aeon Papers - Summary Document: 2017-2018	Brain State Transfer, 2	Commissurotomy	Disembodied Existence, 2
Immortality, 2	Intelligence	Mind	Non-Human Persons	Olson - What Are We? The Question
PID Note, Book & Paper Usage, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37	Siliconisation, 2, 3	Thesis - Chapter 03 (What is a Person?)	Thesis - Chapter 04 (Basic Metaphysical Issues)	Thesis - Chapter 10 (Thought Experiments), 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16
Thesis - Chapter 11 (Resurrection), 2, 3, 4	Thesis - Current Stance	Thought Experiments	Transhumanism, 2	Uploading, 2, 3
Website Generator Documentation - Functors, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

To access information, click on one of the links in the table above.

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Authors, Books & Papers Citing this Note

Author	Title	Medium	Extra Links	Read?
Aaronson (Scott)	N/A	Author
Hains (Brigid) & Hains (Paul)	Aeon: 2019+	Paper	2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9	Yes
Olson (Eric)	What Are We? The Question	Paper		Yes
Petersen (Jennifer)	Can algorithms speak? And should their opinions be protected?	Paper		Yes
Quaglia (Sofia)	Connected-up-brains	Paper		Yes
Shipley (G.J.)	Review of Andy Clark's 'Natural-Born Cyborgs'	Paper		Yes
Snowdon (Paul)	Philosophy and the Mind/Body Problem	Paper		Yes
Tammet (Daniel)	N/A	Author
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Brain State Transfer	Paper	2	Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Chapter 03 (What is a Person?)	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Chapter 04 (Basic Metaphysical Issues)	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Chapter 10 (Thought Experiments)	Paper	2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16	Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Chapter 11 (Resurrection)	Paper	2, 3, 4	Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Commissurotomy	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Current Position	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Disembodied Existence	Paper	2	Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Immortality	Paper	2	Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Intelligence	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Mind	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Non-Human Persons	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Siliconisation	Paper	2, 3	Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Thought Experiments	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Transhumanism	Paper	2	Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Uploading	Paper	2, 3	Yes

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References & Reading List

Author	Title	Medium	Source	Read?
APA	Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	0%
APA	Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers: 01.1	Paper - Cited	APA - Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers, 1.1, Fall 2001	No
APA	Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers: 02.1	Paper - Cited	APA - Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers, 2.1, Fall 2002	No
APA	Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers: 02.2	Paper - Cited	APA - Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers, 2.2, Spring 2003	No
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	Why Computers Can't Act	Paper - Cited	American Philosophical Quarterly, 18:157–63, 1981	17%
Ball (Philip)	We might live in a computer program, but it may not matter	Paper - Cited	BBC Website ("Earth"), 6th September 2016	Yes
Bechtel (William)	The Case For Connectionism	Paper - Cited	Lycan - Mind and Cognition - An Anthology	No
Blackmon (James), Byrd (David), Cummins (Robert), Poirier (Pierre), Schwarz (Georg) & Roth (Martin)	Systematicity and the Cognition of Structured Domains	Paper - Cited	Journal of Philosophy, 98, 2001, pp. 167-185	No
Bostrom (Nick)	Are You Living in a Computer Simulation?	Paper - Cited	Philosophical Quarterly, 2003, Vol. 53, No. 211, pp. 243-255	Yes
Bostrom (Nick)	How Long Before Superintelligence?	Paper - Cited	Personal Website.	Yes
Christian (Brian)	The Most Human Human: A Defence of Humanity in the Age of the Computer	Book - Cited	Christian (Brian) - The Most Human Human: A Defence of Humanity in the Age of the Computer	Yes
Cummins (Robert)	Systematicity	Paper - Cited	Journal of Philosophy. 93: 591-614, 1996	No
Dainton (Barry)	Self: Philosophy In Transit	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	7%
Dainton (Barry)	Self: Philosophy In Transit: Prologue	Paper - Cited	Dainton (Barry) - Self: Philosophy In Transit, Prologue	Yes
Davies (Martin)	Connectionism, Modularity, and Tacit Knowledge	Paper - Cited	British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 40 (1989), 541-55	No
Dennett (Daniel)	Brainstorms - Philosophical Essays on Mind and Psychology	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	43%
Dennett (Daniel)	Where Am I?	Paper - Cited	Dennett - Brainstorms - Philosophical Essays on Mind and Psychology, Chapter 17, 1978	Yes
Edwards (Paul), Ed.	Immortality	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	4%
Epstein (Robert)	The empty brain	Paper - Cited	Aeon, 18 May, 2016	Yes
Fodor (Jerry)	Connectionism and the Problem of Systematicity (Continued): Why Smolensky's Solution Still Doesn't Work	Paper - Cited	Fodor - In Critical Condition - Polemical Essays on Cognitive Science and Philosophy of Mind	No
Fodor (Jerry)	In Critical Condition - Polemical Essays on Cognitive Science and Philosophy of Mind	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	3%
Garson (James)	Connectionism	Paper - Cited	Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy, 1997-2010	4%
Gelernter (David)	Mirror Worlds	Book - Cited	Gelernter (David) - Mirror Worlds	1%
Gelernter (David)	The Muse in the Machine - Computers and Creative Thought	Book - Cited	Gelernter (David) - The Muse in the Machine - Computers and Creative Thought	0%
Graziano (Michael)	Endless fun	Paper - Cited	Aeon, 18 December, 2013	Yes
Hains (Brigid) & Hains (Paul)	Aeon: 2019+	Paper - Referencing	Hains (Brigid) & Hains (Paul) - Aeon	Yes
Hains (Brigid) & Hains (Paul)	Aeon: A-B (& General)	Book - Referencing (via Paper Referencing)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	100%
Hains (Brigid) & Hains (Paul)	Aeon: C-F	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	51%
Hains (Brigid) & Hains (Paul)	Aeon: G-K	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	31%
Haugeland (John)	Mind Design II	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	19%
Hofstadter (Douglas) & Dennett (Daniel), Eds.	The Mind's I - Fantasies and Reflections on Self and Soul	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	14%
Lavelle (Suilin)	Minds, Brains and Computers	Paper - Cited	Ward (Dave), Pritchard (Duncan), Massimi (Michela), Lavelle (Suilin), Chrisman (Matthew), Hazlett (Allan) & Richmond (Alasdair) - Introduction to Philosophy, 2013	Yes
Lycan (William)	Mind and Cognition - An Anthology	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	1%
MacDonald (Cynthia) & MacDonald (Graham), Eds.	Connectionism: Debates in Psychological Explanation - Vol. 2	Book - Cited	MacDonald (Cynthia) & MacDonald (Graham), Eds. - Connectionism: Debates in Psychological Explanation - Vol. 2	3%
MacKay (Donald)	Computer Software and Life After Death	Paper - Cited	Edwards - Immortality, pp, 247-249	Yes
Martin (Michael G.F.), Ed.	Mind - 113/450 (April 2004)	Book - Referencing (via Paper Referencing)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	6%
Matthews (Robert)	Can Connectionists Explain Systematicity?	Paper - Cited	Mind and Language, Volume 12, Issue 2, June 1997, pp. 154–177	No
Maxwell (Grover)	Intentionality: Hardware, not software	Paper - Cited	Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Volume 3 - Issue 3 - September 1980, pp. 437-438	Yes
O'Hear (Anthony), Ed.	Mind, Self and Person	Book - Referencing (via Paper Referencing)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	35%
Olson (Eric)	What are We? A Study of Personal Ontology	Book - Referencing (via Paper Referencing)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	99%
Olson (Eric)	What Are We? The Question	Paper - Referencing	What Are We? A Study in Personal Ontology, Chapter 1 (November 2007: Oxford University Press.)	Yes
Petersen (Jennifer)	Can algorithms speak? And should their opinions be protected?	Paper - Referencing	Aeon, 07 June 2022	Yes
Pollock (John L.)	How to Build a Person: A Prolegomenon	Book - Cited	Pollock (John L.) - How to Build a Person: A Prolegomenon	4%
Quaglia (Sofia)	Connected-up-brains	Paper - Referencing	Aeon, 23 June 2022	Yes
Sadler (Matthew) & Regan (Natasha)	Game Changer: AlphaZero's Groundbreaking Chess Strategies and the Promise of AI	Book - Cited	Sadler (Matthew) & Regan (Natasha) - Game Changer: AlphaZero's Groundbreaking Chess Strategies and the Promise of AI	3%
Sanford (David H.)	Where Was I?	Paper - Cited	Hofstadter & Dennett - The Mind's I - Fantasies and Reflections on Self and Soul	No
Searle (John)	Is the Brain's Mind a Computer Program?	Paper - Cited	Scientific American 262 (1), January 1990, 20-25	17%
Searle (John)	Minds, Brains and Science: The 1984 Reith Lectures	Book - Cited	Searle (John) - Minds, Brains and Science: The 1984 Reith Lectures	Yes
Searle (John), Etc.	Minds, Brains, and Programs	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	93%
Shipley (G.J.)	Review of Andy Clark's 'Natural-Born Cyborgs'	Paper - Referencing	Mind - 113/450 (April 2004)	Yes
Smolensky (Paul)	Connectionist Modelling; Neural Computation / Mental Connections	Paper - Cited	Haugeland - Mind Design II	No
Snowdon (Paul)	Philosophy and the Mind/Body Problem	Paper - Referencing	O'Hear (Anthony), Ed. - Mind, Self and Person, 2015	Yes
Ward (Dave), Pritchard (Duncan), Massimi (Michela), Lavelle (Suilin), Chrisman (Matthew), Hazlett (Allan) & Richmond (Alasdair)	Introduction to Philosophy	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	No

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