Theo Todman's Web Page - Notes Pages

Personal Identity

What are We?

(Text as at 06/07/2023 00:43:12)

Plug Note¹

• Thesis Text:
  1. This Chapter has the title “What Are We?”. The use of the plural is significant, as we will see in the course of this Thesis when we consider the social and reciprocal aspects of what it is to be a person. However, the determination of “we” as “the sort of entity likely to be reading this paper” isn’t quite right, even though Dennett and others use similar expressions.
  2. “We” implies a reciprocal relationship. We find others (of “our” sort) intelligible, and it is important that they find us intelligible in return. Does this thereby make R = “finds intelligible” an equivalence relation, dividing the world into equivalence classes of mutually intelligible individuals, or does R come in degrees and fall prey to Sorites paradoxes²?
  3. Nonetheless, should we not start with the singular, maybe even solipsist, question “What Am I?”, and expand out from there into the collective question? How we phrase our initial question has an impact on the course of our investigations, and may reflect our deepest presuppositions. The first-person question adopts the Cartesian stance of looking from the inside out, whereas the third-person question considers “us” collectively. The first-person question may presuppose that the answer to the question is that I am primarily a psychological being, whereas the third-person question may assume or expect the answer that I am fundamentally physical.
  4. Some of the potential answers to the question will be the same whether we phrase the question in the singular or the plural.
  5. Taking it in the plural for now, we need to distinguish, as candidates for what we might be on the physical side, (prefixing “human-” passim):-
     1. Animals³,
     2. Organisms⁴,
     3. Bodies⁵,
     4. Beings⁶ and
     5. Brains⁷.
        
  6. On the psychological side, I might be a Self⁸ or, more popularly, a Person⁹. I might even be a non-essentially-embodied entity like a Soul¹⁰.
  7. I will consider all these options in due course; with the exception of a detailed discussion of the concept PERSON (which is reserved for the Chapter 3¹¹), I will do so later in this chapter.
  8. Olson₁₂ also considers whether we might be Humean bundles¹³ of mental states and events, and even the nihilist¹⁴ view that we don’t exist at all. While I won’t have space for a detailed discussion of all of these possibilities, we need to remain aware of the possibilities and motivations for these positions.
  9. However, for the moment I want to consider some themes connecting the possible answers to our question. Firstly, does there have to be a single answer? I know that I, and presume that my readers also, fall happily under the concepts HUMAN ANIMAL, HUMAN ORGANISM and HUMAN BEING. I at least have a human body and a human brain, though I would initially feel reluctant to say that I am one of either of these things. I would certainly claim to be a SELF, and also a PERSON, as no doubt would my reader. So, cannot all these answers be correct?
  10. This raises the question of what I mean by saying what I am (or we are) something. In saying that I am any of these things, what sort of relation is the “am”? Am I using am in the sense of an identity relation, a constitution relation, ascribing a predicate, or have some other sense in mind?
  11. There are two kinds of questions I want to ask.
      1. Firstly, what sort of being am I identical to?
      2. Secondly, what sort of properties do I have; both metaphysically essential properties (those without which I would cease to exist), and those I merely consider essential (that is, “very important”, though I would continue to exist without them)?
         
  12. Any “is” that does duty for the identity relation inherits the formal properties of an equivalence relation; in particular, it is a transitive relation. Additionally, the “two” identical entities either side of the copula must satisfy Leibniz’s law; “they” share (at a time) all their properties; actual and modal, intrinsic and relational. So, if I am identical to a human animal, and also identical to a human person, then that human animal must be identical to that human person. This would mean that these “two” entities are really one. They co-exist at all times in all possible worlds where either of “them” exists, and share all their properties and relations, at any time and world. Everything that happens to “one” at a world and time happens to the “other” at those coordinates. This places strong logical constraints on how much cake I can have and eat. I may want to say that I am identical both to a human animal, and to a human person, yet claim that a human person has certain mental properties essentially, but deny that a human animal does. However, I am then claiming what is logically impossible, at least for the classical logic of identity¹⁵ that denies that such notions as relative identity are coherent. As we will see, this point is essential to the animalist case that we are not identical to human persons (given the claim that we are identical to human animals).
  13. My thesis addresses the topic of personal identity, but we might claim that what we’re really interested in is in our identity. Not that we have doubts as individuals as to which particular individual we are (as though I, as Bill Clinton, don’t know whether I am Bill Clinton or George W. Bush), but what sort of individual we are, together with worries about our persistence (how long we are going to last, and in what form). Historically, it has been a standard presupposition that what we are most fundamentally is persons, or at least that’s all we care about. So, concern about our identity has been elided with concern for personal identity, almost as though we thought that the two questions are the same. Animalists argue that the two questions are indeed different, but for convenience, and the historical continuity of the general topic under discussion, still say they are talking about personal identity.

• ---

  Further Remarks:
  1. This Note doesn’t attempt to answer this question. Rather, it’ll try to consider the sort of desiderata necessary for formulating and answering the question, and for deciding between the various candidate answers.
  2. Maybe contrast terms like “Wikipedia: Mensch” with “person”.
  3. Refer to the first parts of "Brandom (Robert) - Toward a Normative Pragmatics" in "Brandom (Robert) - Making It Explicit: Reasoning, Representing & Discursive Commitment" for inspiration on “We”.
  4. For my Thesis Chapter on this topic, follow this link¹⁶.
  5. The reading lists below are somewhat bloated; but, in general, only a small portion of the works cited needs to be addressed in the context of this question. No doubt the best place to start is
     → "Olson (Eric) - What Are We?" (the Paper), followed by
     → "Olson (Eric) - What are We? A Study of Personal Ontology" (the Book).

References

• Relevant Works cited above:
  1. "Brandom (Robert) - Toward a Normative Pragmatics", 1994, Write-Up Note¹⁷, Read = 50%
  2. "Olson (Eric) - What Are We?", 2007, Write-Up Note¹⁸, Annotations, Internal PDF Link, Read
  3. "Olson (Eric) - What are We? A Study of Personal Ontology", 2007, Book, Read = 68%
• For a page of Links¹⁹ to this Note, Click here.
• Works on this topic that I’ve actually read²⁰, include the following:-
  • Aeon:
    1. "Callcut (Daniel) - What are we?", 2018, External Link, Internal PDF Link
  • General:
    1. "Baillie (James) - What Am I?", 1993, Write-Up Note²¹, Footnote₂₂
    2. "Baker (Lynne Rudder) - Big-Tent Metaphysics", 2008, Write-Up Note²³, Annotations, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    3. "Baker (Lynne Rudder) - Persons in the Material World", 2000, Write-Up Note²⁴, Internal PDF Link
    4. "Baker (Lynne Rudder) - Precis of 'Persons & Bodies: A Constitution View'", 2001, Write-Up Note²⁵, Annotations, Internal PDF Link
    5. "Baker (Lynne Rudder) - Response to Eric Olson", 2008, Write-Up Note²⁶, Annotations, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    6. "Baker (Lynne Rudder) - Review of 'What Are We? A Study in Personal Ontology' by Eric T. Olson", 2008, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    7. "Baker (Lynne Rudder) - What Am I?", 1999, Write-Up Note²⁷, Annotations, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Footnote₂₈
    8. "Belshaw (Christopher) - Review of Paul Snowdon's 'Persons, Animals, Ourselves'", 2015, External Link
    9. "Bilgrami (Akeel) - What Kind of Creatures Are We? Foreword", 2018
    10. "Blackburn (Simon) - Review of Stephen Pinker - The Blank Slate ('Meet the Flintstones')", 2003, Annotations, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    11. "Blatti (Stephan) - Animalism (SEP)", 2014, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    12. "Blatti (Stephan) - We Are Animals", 2018, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    13. "Chisholm (Roderick) - Which Physical Thing Am I? An Excerpt from 'Is There a Mind-Body Problem?'", 2000, Write-Up Note²⁹, Footnote₃₀
    14. "Claxton (Guy) - Intelligence in the Flesh - Limbering Up: An Introduction", 2015
    15. "DeGrazia (David) - Are we essentially persons? Olson, Baker, and a reply", 2002, Write-Up Note³¹, Annotations, Internal PDF Link, Footnote₃₂
    16. "Johnston (Mark) - Human Beings", 1987, Write-Up Note³³, Annotations, Internal PDF Link
    17. "Le Fanu (James) - Why Us? How Science Rediscovered the Mystery of Ourselves", 2009, Book, Footnote₃₄
    18. "Liao (S. Matthew) - The Organism View Defended", 2006, Annotations, Internal PDF Link
    19. "Lockwood (Michael) - When Does a Life Begin?", 1987, Annotations
    20. "Nozick (Robert) - The Identity of the Self: Introduction", 1981
    21. "Olson (Eric) - What Are We?", 2007, Write-Up Note³⁵, Annotations, Internal PDF Link, Footnote₃₆
    22. "Olson (Eric) - What Are We? The Question", 2007, Internal PDF Link
    23. "Parfit (Derek) - Nagel's Brain", 1986
    24. "Parfit (Derek) - What We Believe Ourselves To Be", 1986, Write-Up Note³⁷
    25. "Shoemaker (David) - Personal Identity, Rational Anticipation, and Self-Concern", 2009
    26. "Smith (Barry C.), Broks (Paul), Kennedy (A.L.) & Evans (Jules) - Audio: What Does It Mean to Be Me?", 2015, External Link
    27. "Snowdon (Paul) - The Self and Personal Identity", 2009, Write-Up Note³⁸
    28. "Taylor (Charles) - Responsibility For Self", 1976
• A further reading list might start with:-
  • General:
    1. "Bailey (Andrew M.) - The Elimination Argument", 2014, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 67%
    2. "Bailey (Andrew M.) - You Needn’t be Simple", 2014, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 7%
    3. "Baker (Lynne Rudder) - Animalism vs. Constitutionalism", 2016, Read = 42%
    4. "Barash (David P.) - Through a Glass Brightly: Using Science to See Our Species as We Really Are", 2018, Book, Read = 2%
    5. "Blackburn (Simon) - Has Kant Refuted Parfit?", 1997, Write-Up Note³⁹, Read = 156%
    6. "Bloom (Paul) - Descartes' Baby: How Child Development Explains What Makes Us Human", 2004, Book, Footnote₄₀
    7. "Brandom (Robert) - Making It Explicit: Reasoning, Representing & Discursive Commitment", 1998, Book, Read = 3%
    8. "Brandom (Robert) - Toward a Normative Pragmatics", 1994, Write-Up Note⁴¹, Read = 50%, Footnote₄₂
    9. "Broks (Paul) - Into the Silent Land: Travels in Neuropsychology", 2003, Book, Read = 2%
    10. "Brown (Warren) - Numinous or Carnal Persons - The Practical Costs of Inner Souls and Selves", 2005, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 4%
    11. "Bynum (Terrell Ward) - Audio: Two Philosophers of the Information Age", 2009, Read = 67%
    12. "Chitty (Andrew) - First Person Plural Ontology and Praxis", 1997, Internal PDF Link, Read = 13%
    13. "Chomsky (Noam) - What Kind of Creatures Are We?", 2018, Book, Read = 4%
    14. "Conway Morris (Simon) - Life's Solution: Inevitable Humans in a Lonely Universe", 2003, Book, Read = 4%
    15. "Corcoran (Kevin) - Rethinking Human Nature: A Christian Materialist Alternative to the Soul", 2006, Book, Read = 13%
    16. "Dennett (Daniel) - Natural Freedom", 2003, Read = 67%
    17. "Doepke (Frederick) - Introduction: What Are We?", 1996, Write-Up Note⁴³, Annotations, Read = 9%
    18. "Doepke (Frederick) - What We Are", 1996, Write-Up Note⁴⁴
    19. "Ford (Norman) - When Did I Begin: Conception of the Human Individual in History, Philosophy and Science", 1988, Book, Read = 3%
    20. "Hershenov (David) - Animals, Persons and Bioethics", 2008, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 4%
    21. "Jeeves (Malcolm A.) - Neuroscience, Evolutionary Psychology and the Image of God", 2005, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 7%
    22. "Locke (Don) - Who I Am", 1979, Internal PDF Link
    23. "McMahan (Jeff) - Identity", 2002
    24. "Mitchell (Kevin J.) - Innate: How the Wiring of Our Brains Shapes Who We Are", 2018, Book, Read = 1%
    25. "Murphy (Nancey) - Scientific Perspectives on Christian Anthropology", Undated, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 6%
    26. "Noe (Alva) - Out of Our Heads: Why You Are Not Your Brain, and Other Lessons from the Biology of Consciousness", 2009, Book, Read = 8%
    27. "Olson (Eric) - The Nature of People", 2014, Annotations, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 25%
    28. "Olson (Eric) - What are We? A Study of Personal Ontology", 2007, Book, Read = 68%, Footnote₄₅
    29. "Olson (Eric) - What Are We? What Now?", 2007, Internal PDF Link, Read = 57%
    30. "Parfit (Derek) - We Are Not Human Beings", 2016, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 38%
    31. "Pollock (John L.) - What Am I? Virtual Machines and the Mind/Body Problem", 2008, Internal PDF Link
    32. "Richards (Janet Radcliffe) - Internicene Strife", 2000, Read = 3%
    33. "Smith (Joel) - The First-Person Plural and Immunity to Error", 2018, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 4%
    34. "Snowdon (Paul) - [P & not-A] Cases: An Introduction", 2014, Read = 44%
    35. "Stevenson (Leslie) & Haberman (David) - Ten Theories of Human Nature", 2004, Book, Read = 17%
    36. "Swinburne (Richard) - Personal Identity: The Dualist Theory", 1984, Write-Up Note⁴⁶, Read = 19%
    37. "Trigg (Roger) - Ideas of Human Nature: An Historical Introduction", 1999, Book, Read = 4%
    38. "Trupp (Andreas) - Why We Are Not What We Think We Are: A New Approach to the Nature of Personal Identity and of Time", 1987, Book, Read = 4%
    39. "Ward (Keith) - More Than Matter: Is Matter All We Really Are?", 2010, Book, Read = 2%
    40. "Williams (Bernard) - Making Sense of Humanity", 1987, No Abstract, Internal PDF Link
    41. "Wilson (Robert) - Persons, Social Agency, and Constitution", 2005, Internal PDF Link

  ---

• For a list of Works that have been considered, but have missed the cut for inclusion in this Section of my Thesis, see the following:-
  1. Read: No items to list.
  2. Further Reading: No items to list.
• This is mostly a place-holder⁴⁷.

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In-Page Footnotes:

Footnote 12: In "Olson (Eric) - What are We? A Study of Personal Ontology"

Footnote 22:

• This paper – inter alia – confirms my “take” on the Cheshire Cat’s smile.
• See Draft Note, Review Comments.

Footnote 28:

• See Draft Note, Review Comments.

Footnote 30:

• See Draft Write-up, Review Comments.
• Baker often expresses indebtedness to Roderick Chisholm, who is reviewed on that account.

Footnote 32:

• See Skeleton Note.

Footnote 34:

• An annoying book, but one I ought to study.

Footnote 36:

• See Draft Note.
• Review Comments:–
  → First Half,
  → Second Half.

Footnote 40:

• This looks interesting, but is somewhat off-topic for a priority reading-list.

Footnote 42:

• See sections I:1-3.
• See Draft Note, Review Comments.
• This excerpt from Brandom raises some questions about the community we call “we”.

Footnote 45:

• Probably the most important source for this Chapter of my Thesis.
• There are hosts of papers by Olson that touch on this topic, but this book, and the paper of the same name, are enough in this context.

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Table of the Previous 11 Versions of this Note:

Date	Length	Title
20/09/2022 11:24:00	12210	What are We?
11/04/2022 00:01:26	11756	What are We?
02/07/2021 20:32:38	5901	What are We?
19/02/2021 00:23:02	5585	What are We?
29/12/2019 12:57:36	2939	What are We?
09/05/2018 23:47:02	4246	What are We?
11/03/2018 20:19:41	2747	What are We?
18/12/2010 19:58:05	1123	What are We?
26/11/2007 23:25:26	1111	What are We?
11/11/2007 13:00:29	376	What are We?
10/11/2007 13:17:46	30	What are We?

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Note last updated	Reading List for this Topic	Parent Topic
06/07/2023 00:43:12	What are We?	Thesis - Introduction

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Summary of Notes Referenced by This Note

Awaiting Attention (Personal Identity)	Baillie - What Am I?	Baker - Persons and Bodies - Precis	Baker - Persons in the Material World	Baker - The Human Animal: Big-Tent Metaphysics
Baker - The Human Animal: Response to Olson	Baker - What Am I?	Blackburn - Has Kant Refuted Parfit?	Body	Brain
Brandom - Toward a Normative Pragmatics (Introduction)	Bundle Theories	Chisholm - Which Physical Thing Am I?	DeGrazia - Are We Essentially Persons?	Doepke - What are We?
Doepke - What We Are	Human Animals	Human Beings	Jen_080204 (Brandom, Chisholm, Baillie)	Jen_080218 (Olson)
Jen_080303 (Olson, Baillie)	Jen_080317 (Baker)	Johnston - Human Beings	Logic of Identity	Nihilism
Note Links Explanation	Olson - What Are We?	Organisms	Parfit - What We Believe Ourselves To Be	Person
Plug Note Apologia	Self	Snowdon - The Self and Personal Identity	Sorites	Souls
Swinburne - Personal Identity: The Dualist Theory	Thesis - Chapter 02 (What are We?)	Thesis - Chapter 03 (What is a Person?)	Works Read - Explanation

To access information, click on one of the links in the table above.

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Summary of Notes Citing This Note

2045: The Year Man Becomes Immortal	Aeon Papers, 2, 3	Animalism	Animals	Baillie - What Am I?
Baker - Personal Identity Over Time	Baker - Persons and Bodies, 2	Baker - Persons and Bodies - Precis, 2, 3	Baker - Persons and Bodies - Response to Noonan	Baker - Persons and Bodies (Book Summary)
Baker - Persons in the Material World, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14	Baker - Review - Olson - What Are We?	Baker - The Human Animal: Big-Tent Metaphysics	Baker - The Human Animal: Response to Olson	Baker - What Am I?, 2, 3, 4, 5
Biological Criterion	Biological View	Blackburn - Has Kant Refuted Parfit?	Bodily Continuity	Brain
Brain Criterion	Brain Transplants	Brains in Vats, 2	Brandom - Toward a Normative Pragmatics (Introduction), 2	Cartesian Ego
Cerebrum	Christian Materialism	Computers	DeGrazia - Are We Essentially Persons?, 2	Descartes
Dicephalus, 2	Disembodied Existence, 2	Essentialism	Evolution, 2, 3	Existential Passage
Forensic Property	Genetics	Human Animals	I	Information, 2
Intuition	Jen_071112 (Thesis Chapter Breakdown), 2	Jen_071119 (Web Technology)	Jen_080204 (Brandom, Chisholm, Baillie), 2, 3	Jen_080317 (Baker), 2
Johnston - Human Beings, 2, 3, 4	Locke	Mereology	Mind	Narrative Identity
Near Death Experiences	Olson - Personal Identity - Oxford Bibliographies Online, 2, 3	Olson - Persons and Bodies - Response	Olson - The Human Animal: Reply to Zimmerman, 2	Olson - What Are We?, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18
Olson - What Are We? Animals, 2	Olson - What Are We? The Question	Origins, 2	Out of Body Experiences	Persistence
Persistence Criteria	Person	Physical Continuity	PID Note, Book & Paper Usage, 2, 3, 4	Properties
Psychological Continuity	Resurrection	Self	Sleep	Sortals
Status: Birkbeck (Autumn 2007), 2, 3	Status: Birkbeck (Spring 2008)	Status: Personal Identity (Summary of Progress to Date)	The Future of Philosophy	The Singularity
Thesis - Chapter 01 (Introduction), 2, 3, 4, 5	Thesis - Chapter 02 (What are We?), 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17	Thesis - Chapter 03 (What is a Person?)	Thesis - Chapter 04 (Basic Metaphysical Issues)	Thesis - Chapter 05 (Persistence and Time), 2, 3, 4
Thesis - Chapter 06 (Animalism and Arguments for It), 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10	Thesis - Chapter 07 (The Constitution View and Arguments for It), 2	Thesis - Chapter 08 (Arguments against Animalism), 2	Thesis - Chapter 10 (Thought Experiments), 2, 3, 4, 5	Thesis - Chapter 11 (Resurrection), 2, 3, 4
Thesis - Current Stance, 2	Transhumanism	Unity of the Person	Unmerited Suffering & Hominid Evolution - Response	Uploading
Website Generator Documentation - Functors, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

To access information, click on one of the links in the table above.

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Authors, Books & Papers Citing this Note

Author	Title	Medium	Extra Links	Read?
Ablondi (Fred)	Almog's Descartes	Paper
Badham (Paul) & Badham (Linda)	Immortality or Extinction: Introduction	Paper		Yes
Bailey (Andrew M.)	The Elimination Argument	Paper
Bailey (Andrew M.)	You Needn’t be Simple	Paper	2
Baillie (James)	What Am I?	Paper		Yes
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	Animalism vs. Constitutionalism	Paper
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	Big-Tent Metaphysics	Paper		Yes
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	Personal Identity Over Time	Paper		Yes
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	Persons and Bodies: A Constitution View	Book		Yes
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	Persons in the Material World	Paper	2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14	Yes
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	Precis of 'Persons & Bodies: A Constitution View'	Paper	2, 3, 4, 5	Yes
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	Reply to Noonan	Paper		Yes
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	Response to Eric Olson	Paper		Yes
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	Review of 'Bodies and Souls, or Spirited Bodies?' by Nancey Murphy	Paper		Yes
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	Review of 'What Are We? A Study in Personal Ontology' by Eric T. Olson	Paper		Yes
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	What Am I?	Paper	2, 3, 4, 5	Yes
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	When Do Persons Begin and End?	Paper		Yes
Belshaw (Christopher)	Review of Paul Snowdon's 'Persons, Animals, Ourselves'	Paper		Yes
Blackburn (Simon)	Has Kant Refuted Parfit?	Paper
Blackburn (Simon)	What Do We Really Know?: The Big Questions in Philosophy	Book		Yes
Blatti (Stephan)	Animalism (SEP)	Paper		Yes
Blatti (Stephan)	We Are Animals	Paper		Yes
Blatti (Stephan) & Snowdon (Paul), Eds.	Animalism: New Essays on Persons, Animals, and Identity	Book
Brandom (Robert)	Toward a Normative Pragmatics	Paper	2
Broks (Paul)	Into the Silent Land: Travels in Neuropsychology	Book
Bynum (Terrell Ward)	Audio: Two Philosophers of the Information Age	Paper
Callcut (Daniel)	What are we?	Paper		Yes
Chitty (Andrew)	First Person Plural Ontology and Praxis	Paper	2, 3
Clark (Andy) & Kuhn (Robert Lawrence)	Aeon: Video - Andy Clark - Virtual immortality	Paper		Yes
Claxton (Guy)	Intelligence in the Flesh - Limbering Up: An Introduction	Paper		Yes
Conway Morris (Simon)	Darwin’s Compass: How Evolution Discovers the Song of Creation	Paper		Yes
Corcoran (Kevin)	Rethinking Human Nature: A Christian Materialist Alternative to the Soul	Book
Corcoran (Kevin)	Soul, Body and Survival: Introduction - Soul or Body?	Paper	2, 3	Yes
Cottingham (John)	Why we are not 'persons'	Paper		Yes
CSC WG	Human Enhancement – A Discussion Document	Paper
da Cunha (Rui Vieira)	Will I ever Be a Cyborg?	Paper
Dainton (Barry)	Self: Philosophy In Transit	Book
Dainton (Barry)	Self: Philosophy In Transit: Prologue	Paper	2	Yes
Dainton (Barry)	The Self	Paper
Dawkins (Richard)	Selfish Genes and Selfish Memes	Paper		Yes
DeGrazia (David)	Advance Directives, Dementia, and the Someone Else Problem	Paper
DeGrazia (David)	Are we essentially persons? Olson, Baker, and a reply	Paper	2, 3	Yes
DeGrazia (David)	Human Identity and Bioethics: Introduction	Paper	2	Yes
Dennett (Daniel)	Natural Freedom	Paper
Doepke (Frederick)	The Kinds of Things: A Theory of Personal Identity Based on Transcendental Argument	Book
Doepke (Frederick)	The Kinds of Things: A Theory of Personal Identity Based on Transcendental Argument: Preface	Paper
Duncan (Matt)	I Think, Therefore I Persist	Paper		Yes
Gasser (Georg) & Stefan (Matthias), Eds.	Personal Identity: Complex or Simple?	Book
Grossman (Lev), Kurzweil (Ray)	2045: The Year Man Becomes Immortal	Paper		Yes
Hains (Brigid) & Hains (Paul)	Aeon: 2019+	Paper	2, 3	Yes
Harris (Henry)	Identity - Essays Based on Herbert Spencer Lectures Given in the University of Oxford	Book
Hershenov (David)	Animals, Persons and Bioethics	Paper
Hershenov (David)	Who Doesn't Have a Problem of Too Many Thinkers?	Paper
Hospers (John)	An Introduction to Philosophical Analysis - Fourth Edition	Book
Johnston (Mark)	Human Beings	Paper	2, 3, 4	Yes
Johnston (Mark)	Is Heaven a Place We Can Get To?	Paper
Kazez (Jean)	The Philosophical Parent: Asking the Hard Questions About Having and Raising Children	Paper		Yes
Liao (S. Matthew)	The Organism View Defended	Paper	2	Yes
Lockwood (Michael)	When Does a Life Begin?	Paper	2	Yes
Macquarrie (John)	A Theology of Personal Being	Paper
Meincke (Anne Sophie)	Human Persons – A Process View	Paper		Yes
Mulgan (Tim)	Critical Notice of Jeff McMahan's The Ethics of Killing: Problems at the Margins of Life	Paper		Yes
Noe (Alva)	Out of Our Heads: Why You Are Not Your Brain, and Other Lessons from the Biology of Consciousness	Paper	2, 3
Nozick (Robert)	The Identity of the Self: Introduction	Paper	2	Yes
Olson (Eric)	Animalism and the Remnant-Person Problem	Paper		Yes
Olson (Eric)	Human Atoms	Paper
Olson (Eric)	Life After Death and the Devastation of the Grave	Paper		Yes
Olson (Eric)	Persistence	Paper	2	Yes
Olson (Eric)	Personal Identity - Oxford Bibliographies Online	Paper	2, 3	Yes
Olson (Eric)	Personal Identity (Stanford, 2008)	Paper
Olson (Eric)	Personal Identity (Stanford, 2010)	Paper
Olson (Eric)	Personal Identity (Stanford, 2015)	Paper
Olson (Eric)	Psychology and Personal Identity	Paper		Yes
Olson (Eric)	Review of Lynne Baker's 'Persons And Bodies'	Paper	2
Olson (Eric)	Review of P. Snowdon, Persons, Animals, Ourselves	Paper	2	Yes
Olson (Eric)	Self: Personal Identity	Paper
Olson (Eric)	The Human Animal: Introduction	Paper		Yes
Olson (Eric)	The Nature of People	Paper
Olson (Eric)	Thinking Animals and the Constitution View	Paper		Yes
Olson (Eric)	What Are We?	Paper	2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20	Yes
Olson (Eric)	What Are We? Animals	Paper	2
Olson (Eric)	What Are We? The Question	Paper	2, 3, 4	Yes
Olson (Eric)	What Are We? What Now?	Paper	2, 3
Olson (Eric)	Why We Need Not Accept the Psychological Approach	Paper		Yes
Parfit (Derek)	Nagel's Brain	Paper	2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7	Yes
Parfit (Derek)	We Are Not Human Beings	Paper	2, 3
Priest (Stephen)	Theories of the Mind	Paper	2
Quante (Michael)	The Social Nature of Personal Identity	Paper
Richards (Hubert John)	The First Easter: What Really Happened?	Paper
Richards (Janet Radcliffe)	Human Nature After Darwin: Introduction	Paper
Richards (Janet Radcliffe)	Internicene Strife	Paper
Sagan (Carl) & Druyan (Ann)	Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors - A Search for Who We Are	Book
Shoemaker (David)	Personal Identity and Ethics - Conclusion: Notes on Method	Paper		Yes
Shoemaker (David)	Personal Identity and Ethics - Introduction	Paper		Yes
Shoemaker (David)	Personal Identity, Rational Anticipation, and Self-Concern	Paper	2, 3, 4	Yes
Smith (Barry C.), Broks (Paul), Kennedy (A.L.) & Evans (Jules)	Audio: What Does It Mean to Be Me?	Paper		Yes
Snowdon (Paul)	[P & not-A] Cases: An Introduction	Paper
Snowdon (Paul)	The Self and Personal Identity	Paper	2, 3	Yes
Taylor (Charles)	Responsibility For Self	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Animalism	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Animals	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Biological Criterion	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Biological View	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Bodily Continuity	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Brain	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Brain Criterion	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Brain Transplants	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Brains in Vats	Paper	2	Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Cartesian Ego	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Cerebrum	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Chapter 01 (Introduction)	Paper	2, 3, 4, 5	Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Chapter 02 (What Are We?)	Paper	2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17	Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Chapter 03 (What is a Person?)	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Chapter 04 (Basic Metaphysical Issues)	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Chapter 05 (Persistence and Time)	Paper	2, 3, 4	Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Chapter 06 (Animalism and Arguments for It)	Paper	2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10	Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Chapter 07 (The Constitution View and Arguments for It)	Paper	2	Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Chapter 08 (Arguments against Animalism)	Paper	2	Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Chapter 10 (Thought Experiments)	Paper	2, 3, 4, 5	Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Chapter 11 (Resurrection)	Paper	2, 3, 4	Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Christian Materialism	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Computers	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Current Position	Paper	2	Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Descartes	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Dicephalus	Paper	2	Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Disembodied Existence	Paper	2	Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Essentialism	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Evolution	Paper	2, 3	Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Forensic Property	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Genetics	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Human Animals	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - I	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Information	Paper	2	Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Intuition	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Locke	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Mereology	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Mind	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Narrative Identity	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Near Death Experiences	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Origins	Paper	2	Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Out of Body Experiences	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Persistence	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Persistence Criteria	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Person	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Physical Continuity	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Properties	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Psychological Continuity	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Resurrection	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Self	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Sleep	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Sortals	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Transhumanism	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Unity of the Person	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Uploading	Paper		Yes
Vedral (Vlatko)	Decoding Reality: The Universe as Quantum Information	Book
Wilson (Robert)	Persons, Social Agency, and Constitution	Paper	2

---

References & Reading List

Author	Title	Medium	Source	Read?
Ablondi (Fred)	Almog's Descartes	Paper - By Subtopic	Philosophy - 80, Jul2005, Issue 313, p423-431, 9p	No
Bailey (Andrew M.)	The Elimination Argument	Paper - Cited	Philosophical Studies 168 (2014): 475-482	56%
Bailey (Andrew M.)	You Needn’t be Simple	Paper - By Subtopic	Philosophical Papers, Vol. 43, No. 2 (July 2014): 145-160	7%
Baillie (James)	Problems in Personal Identity	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	45%
Baillie (James)	What Am I?	Paper - Cited	Baillie (James) - Problems in Personal Identity, 1993, Chapter 4	Yes
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	Big-Tent Metaphysics	Paper - Cited	Abstracta Special Issue I – 2008 (Brazil)	Yes
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	Personal Identity Over Time	Paper - Referencing	Baker (Lynne) - Persons and Bodies, Chapter 5, pp. 118-146	Yes
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	Persons and Bodies: A Constitution View	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	Yes
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	Persons and Bodies: A Constitution View	Book - Referencing (via Paper Referencing)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	Yes
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	Persons in the Material World	Paper - Cited	Baker (Lynne) - Persons and Bodies, Chapter 1, pp. 3-88	Yes
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	Persons in the Material World	Paper - Referencing	Baker (Lynne) - Persons and Bodies, Chapter 1, pp. 3-88	Yes
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	Precis of 'Persons & Bodies: A Constitution View'	Paper - Cited	Field Guide to the Philosophy of Mind, 2001, e-Symposium on "Persons & Bodies: A Constitution View"	Yes
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	Response to Eric Olson	Paper - Cited	Abstracta Special Issue I – 2008 (Brazil)	Yes
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	Review of 'What Are We? A Study in Personal Ontology' by Eric T. Olson	Paper - Referencing	Mind, 117:1120-1122, 2008	Yes
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	What Am I?	Paper - By Subtopic	Philosophy and Phenomenological Research Mar99, Vol. 59 Issue 1, p151, 9p;	Yes
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	What Does It Mean to be One of Us? A Response to Bransen	Paper - By Subtopic	Anthropological Psychology, 20:2008, 2008	17%
Baker (Lynne Rudder), Etc.	E-Symposium on 'Persons & Bodies: A Constitution View'	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	Yes
Barash (David P.)	Through a Glass Brightly: Using Science to See Our Species as We Really Are	Book - Cited	Barash (David P.) - Through a Glass Brightly: Using Science to See Our Species as We Really Are	2%
Barash (David P.)	Through a Glass Brightly: Using Science to See Our Species as We Really Are	Paper - By Subtopic	Barash (David P.) - Through a Glass Brightly: Using Science to See Our Species as We Really Are	5%
Bilgrami (Akeel)	What Kind of Creatures Are We? Foreword	Paper - By Subtopic	Chomsky (Noam) - What Kind of Creatures Are We?	Yes
Blatti (Stephan)	We Are Animals	Paper - Referencing	Philosophy for Us, ed. Lenny Clapp (Cognella, 2018), 73-82	Yes
Blatti (Stephan) & Snowdon (Paul), Eds.	Animalism: New Essays on Persons, Animals, and Identity	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	22%
Bloom (Paul)	Descartes' Baby: How Child Development Explains What Makes Us Human	Book - Cited	Bloom (Paul) - Descartes' Baby: How Child Development Explains What Makes Us Human	0%
Bourgeois (Warren)	Persons: What Philosophers Say about You	Book - By Subtopic	Bourgeois (Warren) - Persons: What Philosophers Say about You	15%
Brandom (Robert)	Making It Explicit: Conclusion	Paper - By Subtopic	Brandom (Robert) - Making It Explicit: Reasoning, Representing & Discursive Commitment, 1994, Chapter 9	9%
Brandom (Robert)	Making It Explicit: Reasoning, Representing & Discursive Commitment	Book - Cited	Brandom (Robert) - Making It Explicit: Reasoning, Representing & Discursive Commitment	3%
Brandom (Robert)	Toward a Normative Pragmatics	Paper - Cited	Brandom (Robert) - Making It Explicit: Reasoning, Representing & Discursive Commitment, 1994, Chapter 1	50%
Broks (Paul)	Into the Silent Land: Travels in Neuropsychology	Book - Cited	Broks (Paul) - Into the Silent Land: Travels in Neuropsychology	2%
Brown (Warren)	Numinous or Carnal Persons - The Practical Costs of Inner Souls and Selves	Paper - Cited	Last Seminary: Non-Reductive Physicalism, February 16, 2005	4%
Bynum (Terrell Ward)	Audio: Two Philosophers of the Information Age	Paper - Cited	Backdoor Broadcasting Company; Metaphilosophical Directions for the 21st Century - 11 December 2009	33%
Callcut (Daniel)	What are we?	Paper - Cited	Aeon, 11 June 2018	Yes
Callcut (Daniel)	What are we?	Paper - Referencing	Aeon, 11 June 2018	Yes
Chisholm (Roderick)	Which Physical Thing Am I? An Excerpt from 'Is There a Mind-Body Problem?'	Paper - By Subtopic	Van Inwagen & Zimmerman - Metaphysics: The Big Questions, 1998	Yes
Chitty (Andrew)	First Person Plural Ontology and Praxis	Paper - Cited	Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, New Series, Vol. 97 (1997), pp. 81-96	13%
Chomsky (Noam)	What Kind of Creatures Are We?	Book - Cited	Chomsky (Noam) - What Kind of Creatures Are We?	4%
Chomsky (Noam)	What Kind of Creatures Are We?	Paper - By Subtopic	Chomsky (Noam) - What Kind of Creatures Are We?	4%
Claxton (Guy)	Intelligence in the Flesh - Limbering Up: An Introduction	Paper - Cited	Claxton (Guy) - Intelligence in the Flesh: Chapter 1	Yes
Claxton (Guy)	Intelligence in the Flesh - Limbering Up: An Introduction	Paper - Referencing	Claxton (Guy) - Intelligence in the Flesh: Chapter 1	Yes
Claxton (Guy)	Intelligence in the Flesh: Why Your Mind Needs Your Body Much More Than it Thinks	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	18%
Claxton (Guy)	Intelligence in the Flesh: Why Your Mind Needs Your Body Much More Than it Thinks	Book - Referencing (via Paper Referencing)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	18%
Conway Morris (Simon)	Life's Solution: Inevitable Humans in a Lonely Universe	Book - Cited	Conway Morris (Simon) - Life's Solution: Inevitable Humans in a Lonely Universe	4%
Corcoran (Kevin)	Rethinking Human Nature: A Christian Materialist Alternative to the Soul	Book - Cited	Corcoran (Kevin) - Rethinking Human Nature: A Christian Materialist Alternative to the Soul	13%
Dainton (Barry)	Self: Philosophy In Transit	Book - Referencing (via Paper Referencing)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	7%
Dainton (Barry)	Self: Philosophy In Transit: Prologue	Paper - Referencing	Dainton (Barry) - Self: Philosophy In Transit, Prologue	Yes
Dainton (Barry)	The Self	Paper - By Subtopic	The Self. In Macmillan Interdisciplinary Handbooks Philosophy: Mind. Macmillan.	8%
DeGrazia (David)	Are we essentially persons? Olson, Baker, and a reply	Paper - Cited	Philosophical Forum; Winter2002, Vol. 33 Issue 1, p101, 20p	Yes
Dennett (Daniel)	Brainstorms - Philosophical Essays on Mind and Psychology	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Dennett (Daniel) - Brainstorms - Philosophical Essays on Mind and Psychology	43%
Dennett (Daniel)	In Darwin's Wake, Where Am I?	Paper - By Subtopic	Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association 75, no. 2 (November 2001): 13-30	No
Dennett (Daniel)	Reflections on Dennett's 'Where Am I?'	Paper - By Subtopic	Hofstadter & Dennett - The Mind's I - Fantasies and Reflections on Self and Soul	No
Dennett (Daniel)	Where Am I?	Paper - By Subtopic	Dennett - Brainstorms - Philosophical Essays on Mind and Psychology, Chapter 17, 1978	Yes
Doepke (Frederick)	Introduction: What Are We?	Paper - By Subtopic	Doepke - The Kinds of Things, Chapter 1	9%
Doepke (Frederick)	The Kinds of Things: A Theory of Personal Identity Based on Transcendental Argument	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Doepke (Frederick) - The Kinds of Things: A Theory of Personal Identity Based on Transcendental Argument	3%
Doepke (Frederick)	What We Are	Paper - By Subtopic	Doepke - The Kinds of Things, Chapter 9	No
Ford (Norman)	When Did I Begin: Conception of the Human Individual in History, Philosophy and Science	Book - Cited	Ford (Norman) - When Did I Begin: Conception of the Human Individual in History, Philosophy and Science	3%
Grossman (Lev), Kurzweil (Ray)	2045: The Year Man Becomes Immortal	Paper - Referencing	Time Magazine, February 21, 2011	Yes
Hains (Brigid) & Hains (Paul)	Aeon: C-F	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	51%
Hains (Brigid) & Hains (Paul)	Aeon: C-F	Book - Referencing (via Paper Referencing)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	51%
Hofstadter (Douglas) & Dennett (Daniel), Eds.	The Mind's I - Fantasies and Reflections on Self and Soul	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Hofstadter (Douglas) & Dennett (Daniel), Eds. - The Mind's I - Fantasies and Reflections on Self and Soul	14%
Howsepian (Avak Albert)	Who or What Are We?	Paper - By Subtopic	Review of Metaphysics, Vol. 45, No. 3 (Mar., 1992), pp. 483-502	6%
JCS	Journal of Consciousness Studies, Volume 14, Issue 05-06 (2007)	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	No
Jeeves (Malcolm A.)	Neuroscience, Evolutionary Psychology and the Image of God	Paper - By Subtopic	Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith, 2005, pp. 170-186	7%
Johnston (Mark)	Human Beings	Paper - Referencing	Journal of Philosophy, Volume 84, Issue 2 (Feb 1987), 59-83	Yes
Le Fanu (James)	Why Us? How Science Rediscovered the Mystery of Ourselves	Book - Cited	Le Fanu (James) - Why Us? How Science Rediscovered the Mystery of Ourselves	Yes
Liao (S. Matthew)	The Organism View Defended	Paper - Referencing	The Monist, Vol. 89, No. 3, Coming into Being and Passing Away (July 2006), pp. 334-350	Yes
Lockwood (Michael)	When Does a Life Begin?	Paper - Referencing	Lockwood - Moral Dilemmas in Modern Medicine, 1987	Yes
Lockwood (Michael), Ed.	Moral Dilemmas in Modern Medicine	Book - Referencing (via Paper Referencing)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	29%
Ludwig (Arnold)	How do we Know who we are? A Biography of the Self	Book - By Subtopic	Ludwig (Arnold) - How do we Know who we are? A Biography of the Self	3%
Martin (L. Michael) & Augustine (Keith)	The Myth of an Afterlife: The Case against Life After Death	Book - Referencing (via Paper Referencing)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	15%
Mitchell (Kevin J.)	Innate: How the Wiring of Our Brains Shapes Who We Are	Book - Cited	Mitchell (Kevin J.) - Innate: How the Wiring of Our Brains Shapes Who We Are	1%
Murphy (Nancey)	Scientific Perspectives on Christian Anthropology	Paper - By Subtopic	CTI Reflections ß Volume 8	6%
Nagel (Thomas)	Other Minds - Critical Essays 1969 - 1994	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Nagel (Thomas) - Other Minds - Critical Essays 1969 - 1994	1%
Nagel (Thomas)	Searle: Why We Are Not Computers	Paper - By Subtopic	Nagel (Thomas) - Other Minds - Critical Essays 1969 - 1994	13%
Noe (Alva)	Out of Our Heads: Why You Are Not Your Brain, and Other Lessons from the Biology of Consciousness	Book - Cited	Noe (Alva) - Out of Our Heads: Why You Are Not Your Brain, and Other Lessons from the Biology of Consciousness	8%
O'Hear (Anthony), Ed.	Philosophy - 80/313 (July 2005)	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	O'Hear (Anthony), Ed. - Philosophy - 80/313 (July 2005)	No
Olson (Eric)	Animalism and the Remnant-Person Problem	Paper - Referencing	J. Fonseca and J. Gonçalves, eds., Philosophical Perspectives on the Self, Peter Lang 2015: 21-40	Yes
Olson (Eric)	Life After Death and the Devastation of the Grave	Paper - Referencing	Martin & Augustine - The Myth of an Afterlife, Part 2, Chapter 19, 2015: 409-423	Yes
Olson (Eric)	Papers on Identity Boxes: Vol 13 (Olson)	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Olson (Eric) - Papers on Identity Boxes: Vol 13 (Olson)	16%
Olson (Eric)	Papers on Identity Boxes: Vol 13 (Olson)	Book - Referencing (via Paper Referencing)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	16%
Olson (Eric)	Personal Identity - Oxford Bibliographies Online	Paper - Referencing	Oxford Bibliographies Online / Sheffield University website	Yes
Olson (Eric)	Psychology and Personal Identity	Paper - Referencing	The Human Animal, September 1999, Chapter 1, pp. 7-21	Yes
Olson (Eric)	The Human Animal - Personal Identity Without Psychology	Book - Referencing (via Paper Referencing)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	Yes
Olson (Eric)	The Human Animal: Introduction	Paper - Referencing	The Human Animal, September 1999, Introduction, pp. 3-7	Yes
Olson (Eric)	What Are We?	Paper - Cited	Journal of Consciousness Studies, Volume 14, Issue 05-06 (2007), pp. 37-55 (19)	Yes
Olson (Eric)	What are We? A Study of Personal Ontology	Book - Cited	Olson (Eric) - What are We? A Study of Personal Ontology	99%
Olson (Eric)	What Are We? Animals	Paper - Referencing	What Are We? A Study in Personal Ontology, Chapter 2 (November 2007: Oxford University Press.)	81%
Olson (Eric)	What Are We? The Question	Paper - Cited	What Are We? A Study in Personal Ontology, Chapter 1 (November 2007: Oxford University Press.)	Yes
Olson (Eric)	What Are We? The Question	Paper - Referencing	What Are We? A Study in Personal Ontology, Chapter 1 (November 2007: Oxford University Press.)	Yes
Olson (Eric)	What Are We? What Now?	Paper - Cited	What Are We? A Study in Personal Ontology, Chapter 9 (November 2007: Oxford University Press.)	81%
Olson (Eric)	What Does It Mean To Say That We Are Animals?	Paper - By Subtopic	Journal of Consciousness Studies 22: 11-12 (special issue: First-Person Perspective and the Self), 2015: 84-107	6%
Olson (Eric)	Why We Need Not Accept the Psychological Approach	Paper - Referencing	The Human Animal, September 1999, Chapter 3, pp. 42-72	Yes
Olson (Eric), Etc.	Abstracta Special Issue on 'The Human Animal'	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	Yes
Ozanne (Charles)	The Life and Soul of Mortal Man: His Composition, Disintegration, and Resurrection	Book - By Subtopic	Ozanne (Charles) - The Life and Soul of Mortal Man: His Composition, Disintegration, and Resurrection	7%
Parfit (Derek)	Nagel's Brain	Paper - Cited	Parfit - Reasons and Persons, Appendix D	Yes
Parfit (Derek)	Reasons and Persons	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	Yes
Parfit (Derek)	We Are Not Human Beings	Paper - Cited	Blatti & Snowdon - Animalism: New Essays on Persons, Animals, and Identity, 2016: Part I, Chapter 2, pp. 31-49	38%
Parfit (Derek)	What We Believe Ourselves To Be	Paper - Cited	Parfit - Reasons and Persons, January 1986, pp. 199-219(21).	Yes
Parfit (Derek)	Who do you think you are?	Paper - By Subtopic	Times Higher Education Supplement (December 11, 1992), pp. 19-20	Yes
Pollock (John L.)	What Am I? Virtual Machines and the Mind/Body Problem	Paper - By Subtopic	Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, Vol. 76, No. 2 (Mar., 2008), pp. 237-309	No
Shand (John)	Central Issues of Philosophy	Book - Referencing (via Paper Referencing)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	35%
Shoemaker (David)	Personal Identity and Ethics: A Brief Introduction	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	Yes
Shoemaker (David)	Personal Identity and Ethics: A Brief Introduction	Book - Referencing (via Paper Referencing)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	Yes
Shoemaker (David)	Personal Identity, Rational Anticipation, and Self-Concern	Paper - Cited	Shoemaker (David) - Personal Identity and Ethics: A Brief Introduction, 2009, Chapter 2	Yes
Shoemaker (David)	Personal Identity, Rational Anticipation, and Self-Concern	Paper - Referencing	Shoemaker (David) - Personal Identity and Ethics: A Brief Introduction, 2009, Chapter 2	Yes
Smith (Barry C.), Broks (Paul), Kennedy (A.L.) & Evans (Jules)	Audio: What Does It Mean to Be Me?	Paper - By Subtopic	BBC Website, April 2015	Yes
Smith (Joel)	The First-Person Plural and Immunity to Error	Paper - By Subtopic	Disputatio, Vol. X, No. 49, November 2018	4%
Snowdon (Paul)	The Self and Personal Identity	Paper - Referencing	Shand (John) - Central Issues of Philosophy, Chapter 9	Yes
Stevenson (Leslie) & Haberman (David)	Ten Theories of Human Nature	Book - Cited	Stevenson (Leslie) & Haberman (David) - Ten Theories of Human Nature	17%
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - What Are We?	Paper - Referencing		Yes
Toner (Patrick)	Emergent Substance	Paper - By Subtopic	Philosophical Studies, Vol. 141, No. 3 (Dec., 2008), pp. 281-297	7%
Trigg (Roger)	Ideas of Human Nature: An Historical Introduction	Book - Cited	Trigg (Roger) - Ideas of Human Nature: An Historical Introduction	4%
Trupp (Andreas)	Why We Are Not What We Think We Are: A New Approach to the Nature of Personal Identity and of Time	Book - Cited	Trupp (Andreas) - Why We Are Not What We Think We Are: A New Approach to the Nature of Personal Identity and of Time	4%
Van Inwagen (Peter) & Zimmerman (Dean)	Metaphysics: The Big Questions	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Van Inwagen (Peter) & Zimmerman (Dean) - Metaphysics: The Big Questions	16%
Ward (Keith)	More Than Matter: Is Matter All We Really Are?	Book - Cited	Ward (Keith) - More Than Matter: Is Matter All We Really Are?	2%
Williams (Bernard)	Making Sense of Humanity	Paper - By Subtopic	Williams - Making Sense of Humanity (and Other Philosophical Papers)	No
Williams (Bernard)	Making Sense of Humanity (and Other Philosophical Papers)	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Williams (Bernard) - Making Sense of Humanity (and Other Philosophical Papers)	14%

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