Theo Todman's Web Page - Notes Pages

Personal Identity

Narrative Identity

(Text as at 06/07/2023 00:43:12)

Plug Note¹

• Thesis Text:
  1. Narrative identity isn’t really an account of numerical identity², but is dependent on it. It is analogous to the Psychological View³, but is closer to what most non-philosophers usually mean by a person’s “identity”. Saying someone is “no longer the same person” in this context implies such a change in personality⁴ that their life no longer fits into a single narrative.
  2. I noticed in "Jaarsma (Ada) - Choose your own birth" that Simone de Beauvoir – in Pyrrhus and Cineas – states that “I am not a thing, but a project”. This claim may connect Narrative Identity to Existentialism. De Beauvoir’s contrast is rather a stark claim. But it highlights the difference between those who think of persons⁵ as concrete particulars of whatever form and those who think of them as a process⁶ of some sort.
  3. In brief₇, Narrative identity addresses questions of ‘who we really are’ (which is distinct from the generic question What Are We⁸) and gives an account of the individual’s ‘true self’ and which characteristics truly belong to it. It provides a self-told story with a kind of psychological unity⁹, coherence and intelligibility. To be a person¹⁰ and a true moral agent¹¹ (it is said), one’s experiences and life events need to be gathered together into the life¹² of one’s narrative ego. This gives the various experiences and events their meaning by putting them in context. This helps explain my special self-concern, as being for the whole space-time worm¹³ rather than one time-slice being concerned for a future time slice (as in exdurantism¹⁴, I believe). So, what makes an action truly mine – and one for which I’m morally accountable – is that it flows from my core values in such a coherent narrative.
  4. There are clearly objections to all this. Such a narrative – to be a single narrative – needs to be the experience of a single persisting entity, and so is dependent on numerical identity. It also seems to be a rather too convenient way of getting out of responsibility for our ‘out of character’ actions. In any case, our ‘true character’ is revealed by – and develops through – our actions.
  5. If narrative identity depends on numerical identity¹⁵, then it is just as subject to fission problems¹⁶, as is no-doubt revealed in cases of MPD¹⁷.

• ---

  Further Remarks:
  1. To quote from "Shoemaker (David) - Personal Identity and Ethics", section 2.3, referenced above :-
     • what makes some feature mine may actually be making reference to a non-numerical type of identity, a type of identity we are thinking of when addressing the familiar question of an identity crisis: “Who am I really?” This is the question of identity as proper attributability, as providing an account of one's true self and the various attributes genuinely belonging to it.
     • the Narrative Criterion of Personal Identity: what makes an action, experience, or psychological characteristic properly attributable to some person (and thus a proper part of his or her true identity) is its correct incorporation into the self-told story of his or her life. … Narrative identity is thus really about a kind of psychological unity¹⁸, but not just an artless or random unity.
     • for that subject of experiences to be a person, a genuine moral agent, those experiences must be actively unified, must be gathered together into the life of one narrative ego by virtue of a story the subject tells that weaves them together, giving them a kind of coherence and intelligibility they wouldn't otherwise have had. This is how the various experiences and events come to have any real meaning at all — rather than being merely isolated events — by being part of a larger story that relates them to one another within the context of one life
     • What explains my special sort of concern for myself is that I'm in fact an extended narrative ego — not some time-slice concerned about the well-being of some future time-slice — and I'm constantly extending that narrative into the future, so my concern is global, a concern for the whole self I'm creating via this story, the whole self whose various parts are mine.
     • what makes some past action mine (for which I'm eligible for praise or blame) is that it flowed from my central values, beliefs, and experiences, that there's a coherent story I may tell uniting it to the other elements of my life.
  2. Shoemaker sees a problem:-
     • What matters to us with respect to all of our practical concerns is that we ourselves continue to exist: it's a necessary presupposition of my rational anticipation, self-concern, possibilities for compensation, and so on that I myself persist, but this is an issue of numerical identity¹⁹. Another way to put this is that one can't be a person, on the narrative view, unless one gathers up the various experiences one has as a subject of experiences into a coherent narrative, but then the identity of that subject of experiences must be preserved across time for its experiences to be so gathered up.
  3. I don’t have a Note on Existentialism (yet). For now, I’ll treat it as a sub-topic of Narrative Identity. If I took this topic seriously, I’d need to research a reading list. Currently, I don’t have much, but the following couple of items are interesting and related to the topic of PID:-
     • "Smith (Barry C.), Broks (Paul), Kennedy (A.L.) & Evans (Jules) - Audio: What Does It Mean to Be Me?" (Talk 2: A.L. Kennedy on Sartre and the Individual)
     • "Stevenson (Leslie) - Sartre: Radical Freedom".
  4. I’m not sure where Andy Clark’s view – eg. in "Clark (Andy) & Kuhn (Robert Lawrence) - Aeon: Video - Andy Clark - Virtual immortality" – that “we are patterns in information space” fits into all this.

References

• Relevant Works cited above:
  1. "Clark (Andy) & Kuhn (Robert Lawrence) - Aeon: Video - Andy Clark - Virtual immortality", 2019, External Link, Read
  2. "Jaarsma (Ada) - Choose your own birth", 2020, External Link, Read
  3. "Shoemaker (David) - Personal Identity and Ethics", 2005-12, Annotations, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read
  4. "Smith (Barry C.), Broks (Paul), Kennedy (A.L.) & Evans (Jules) - Audio: What Does It Mean to Be Me?", 2015, External Link, Read
  5. "Stevenson (Leslie) - Sartre: Radical Freedom", 2004, Read
• For a page of Links²⁰ to this Note, Click here.
• Works on this topic that I’ve actually read²¹, include the following:-
  • Aeon:
    1. "Aeon - Video - Five years after the war", 2022, External Link
    2. "Aeon - Video - Is life meaningless? And other absurd questions", 2021, External Link
    3. "Aeon - Video - Sounds for Mazin", 2021, External Link
    4. "Aeon - Video - The great malaise", 2022, External Link
    5. "Aeon - Video - The happiest guy in the world", 2022, External Link
    6. "Aeon - Video - The lion man", 2021, External Link
    7. "Aeon - Video - They", 2022, External Link
    8. "Aeon - Video - Video - Via dolorosa", 2021, External Link
    9. "Aronson (Polina) - Mrs Myself", 2017, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    10. "Atran (Scott) - The will to fight", 2022, External Link
    11. "Baumeister (Roy F.) - The meanings of life", 2013, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    12. "Bowles (David) - Learning Nahuatl, the flower song, and the poetics of life", 2020, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    13. "Burak (Jacob) - Head to head", 2015, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    14. "Butler (Isaac) - Why Is Othello Black?", 2015, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    15. "Butler (Judith) - Video - Devenir", 2021, External Link
    16. "Clark (Andy) & Kuhn (Robert Lawrence) - Aeon: Video - Andy Clark - Virtual immortality", 2019, External Link
    17. "Coffman (Elesha J.) - The Margaret Mead problem", 2021, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    18. "Copeland (Libby) - DNA testing is easy. It can also turn your family upside down", 2020, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    19. "Doyle (David Matthew) - Affirming transgender people’s identities is more than politeness", 2022, External Link
    20. "Flora (Carlin) - Indescribable you", 2017, Annotations, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    21. "Gordin (Michael D.) - Identifying Einstein", 2020, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    22. "Jaarsma (Ada) - Choose your own birth", 2020, External Link
    23. "Kohn (Marek) - Us and them", 2013, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    24. "Lockhart (Jeffrey W.) - What sex-difference science misses about the messy reality of sex", 2022, External Link
    25. "Lopez-Cantero (Pilar) - Your love story is a narrative that gets written in tandem", 2020, External Link
    26. "Mark (Clifton) - A belief in meritocracy is not only false: it’s bad for you", 2019, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    27. "Mark (Clifton) - What is offensive?", 2018, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    28. "McGowan (Kat) - Silicon phoenix", 2016, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    29. "Olberding (Amy) - The outsider", 2018, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    30. "Pearl (Sharrona) - Changing faces", 2017, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    31. "Rakowitz (Michael) - Video - Michael Rakowitz: haunting the West", 2021, External Link
    32. "Rolston (Dorian) - Don’t take life so seriously: Montaigne’s lessons on the inner life", 2020, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    33. "Schwenkler (John) - What does it take for someone to become a ‘different person’?", 2022, External Link
    34. "Stone (Alison) - Thinking about one’s birth is as uncanny as thinking of death", 2019, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    35. "Strawson (Galen) - I am not a story", 2015, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
  • General:
    1. "Damore (James) - Google’s Ideological Echo Chamber", 2017, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    2. "DeGrazia (David) - Human Identity and Bioethics: Introduction", 2005, Internal PDF Link
    3. "Knobe (Joshua) - Personal Identity and Dual Character Concepts", 2022, External Link
    4. "Lerner (Berel Dov) - Review of 'Personal Identity and Ethics: A Brief Introduction' by David Shoemaker", 2009
    5. "Nagel (Thomas) - The Absurd", 1979, Internal PDF Link
    6. "Sacks (Oliver) - The Lost Mariner", 1985
    7. "Saint-Exupery (Antoine de) - The Little Prince", Book
    8. "Shakespeare (Tom) - We are all frail", 2021, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    9. "Shoemaker (David) - Personal Identity and Ethics", 2005-12, Annotations, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    10. "Shoemaker (David) - Personal Identity and Ethics - Conclusion: Notes on Method", 2009
    11. "Shoemaker (David) - Personal Identity and Moral Responsibility", 2009
    12. "Shoemaker (David) - Personal Identity and Self-Regarding Ethics - Alternative Approaches", 2009
    13. "Smith (Barry C.), Broks (Paul), Kennedy (A.L.) & Evans (Jules) - Audio: What Does It Mean to Be Me?", 2015, External Link
    14. "Stevenson (Leslie) - Sartre: Radical Freedom", 2004
    15. "Swift (David) - The Identity Myth: Why We Need to Embrace Our Differences to Beat Inequality", 2022, Book
• A further reading list might start with:-
  • General:
    1. "Alexander (Ronald) - The Self and Narrative Identity", 1997, Read = 5%
    2. "Appiah (Anthony Kwame) - The Politics of Identity", 2006, Internal PDF Link
    3. "Bilgrami (Akeel) - Notes toward the Definition of 'Identity'", 2006, Internal PDF Link
    4. "Campbell (Stephen) & Nyholm (Sven) - Anti-Meaning and Why It Matters", 2015, Internal PDF Link, Read = 7%
    5. "Copp (David) - The Normativity of Self-Grounded Reason", 2005, Internal PDF Link
    6. "Crone (Katja) - The self-understanding of persons beyond narrativity", 2020, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 8%
    7. "de Beauvoir (Simone) - The Second Sex", 1984, Book
    8. "DeGrazia (David) - Advance Directives, Dementia, and the Someone Else Problem", 2005, Internal PDF Link, Read = 3%
    9. "DeGrazia (David) - Human Persons: Narrative Identity and Self-Creation", 2005, Internal PDF Link
    10. "Doyle (Andrew) - The New Puritans: How the Religion of Social Justice Captured the Western World", Book, Read = 2%
    11. "Fausto-Sterling (Anne) - The Bare Bones of Sex: Part 1 - Sex and Gender", 2005, Internal PDF Link, Read = 10%
    12. "Frankl (Viktor E.) - Man's Search For Meaning: The classic tribute to hope from the Holocaust", Book, Read = 38%
    13. "Gallagher (Shaun) - Self and Narrative", 2014, Internal PDF Link, Read = 8%
    14. "Gallow (J. Dmitri) - Summary of Wolf - 'The Meanings of Lives'", 2017?, Internal PDF Link, Read = 33%
    15. "Harrelson (Kevin J.) - Narrative Identity and Diachronic Self-Knowledge", 2016, Internal PDF Link, Read = 7%
    16. "Harrison (Glynne) - Who am I today? The modern crisis of identity", 2016, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    17. "Hershenov (David) - Review of David DeGrazia’s Human Identity and Bioethics", 2008, Annotations, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 83%
    18. "Howe (Leslie A.) - Queer Revelations: Desire, Identity, And Self-Deceit", 2005, Internal PDF Link
    19. "Kuczewski (Mark G.) - Commentary: Narrative Views Of Personal Identity And Substituted Judgment In Surrogate Decision Making", 1999, Internal PDF Link
    20. "Lamarque (Peter) - On Not Expecting Too Much from Narrative", 2004, Internal PDF Link, Read = 7%
    21. "Levy (Eric) - 'Nor th' exterior nor the inward man': The Problematics of Personal Identity in Hamlet", 1999, Internal PDF Link
    22. "Lumsden (David) - Narrative construction of the self", 2013, Internal PDF Link, Read = 8%
    23. "Macedo (Stephen) - Introduction to 'Meaning in Life and Why It Matters' by Susan Wolf", 2009, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 2%
    24. "Nyström (Anne E.M.) - The Concept Of Cogitation", 1995, Internal PDF Link
    25. "Olson (Eric) & Witt (Karsten) - Narrative and persistence", 2019, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 13%
    26. "Ross (Alex) - Black Scholars Confront White Supremacy in Classical Music", 2020, Internal PDF Link, Read = 100%
    27. "Rudd (Anthony) - Narrative, Expression and Mental Substance", 2005, Internal PDF Link, Read = 5%
    28. "Schechtman (Marya) - Stories, Lives, and Basic Survival: A Refinement and Defense of the Narrative View", 2007, Internal PDF Link, Read = 5%
    29. "Schechtman (Marya) - The Constitution of Selves", 1996, Book, Read = 6%
    30. "Schechtman (Marya) - The Narrative Self-Constitution View", 1996, Read = 3%, Footnote₂₂
    31. "Strawson (Galen) - Against Narrativity", 2004, Internal PDF Link, Read = 5%
    32. "Teichert (Dieter) - Narrative, Identity and the Self", 2004, Internal PDF Link
    33. "Thomas (Laurence) - Group Autonomy and Narrative Identity: Blacks and Jews", 2001
    34. "Velleman (David) - The Rights to a Life", 2012, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 17%
    35. "Walker (A.J.S.) - Roles, Persons and Action: A philosophical examination of role theory and its implications", ????, Book
    36. "Wolf (Susan) - Meaning in Life and Why It Matters", 2007, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 2%
    37. "Wolf (Susan) - The Meanings of Lives", 2015, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 7%
• For further papers held on-line of potential interest, follow this Link²³. Total papers = 1.

  ---

• For a list of Works that have been considered, but have missed the cut for inclusion in this Section of my Thesis, see the following:-
  1. Read: No items to list.
  2. Further Reading: No items to list.
• This is mostly a place-holder²⁴.

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In-Page Footnotes:

Footnote 7:

1. I am greatly indebted to "Shoemaker (David) - Personal Identity and Ethics", section 2.3 (SEP: Personal Identity and Ethics - The Narrative View) here.
2. However, the perdurantist / exdurantist terminology is mine; this contentious metaphysics may not be strictly necessary.

Footnote 22:

• And, probably, the whole of "Schechtman (Marya) - The Constitution of Selves".

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Table of the Previous 10 Versions of this Note:

Date	Length	Title
20/09/2022 11:24:00	10368	Narrative Identity
11/04/2022 00:01:26	9924	Narrative Identity
02/07/2021 20:32:38	7744	Narrative Identity
15/02/2021 13:40:48	6652	Narrative Identity
04/04/2020 00:14:24	5043	Narrative Identity
05/12/2019 10:59:31	4044	Narrative Identity
03/09/2018 19:49:26	6120	Narrative Identity
16/08/2015 13:30:43	4076	Narrative Identity
18/12/2010 19:58:05	173	Narrative Identity
08/05/2010 20:49:55	161	Narrative Identity

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Note last updated	Reading List for this Topic	Parent Topic
06/07/2023 00:43:12	Narrative Identity	Self

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Summary of Notes Referenced by This Note

Awaiting Attention (Personal Identity)	Exdurantism	Fission	Forensic Property	Life
Multiple Personality Disorder	Note Links Explanation	Numerical Identity	Perdurantism	Person
Personality	PID Note, Book & Paper Usage	Plug Note Apologia	Process Metaphysics	Psychological View
Unity of the Person	What are We?	Works Read - Explanation

To access information, click on one of the links in the table above.

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Summary of Notes Citing This Note

Aeon Papers, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45	Aeon Papers - Summary Document: 2017-2018	Baker - Persons in the Material World	Evolution	Numerical Identity
Olson - What Are We? Animals	Olson - What Are We? The Question, 2	Persistence Criteria	Person	PID Note, Book & Paper Usage, 2, 3, 4, 5
Race	Religion	Self	Society	Thesis - Chapter 02 (What are We?), 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Thesis - Chapter 03 (What is a Person?), 2, 3	Thesis - Chapter 04 (Basic Metaphysical Issues)	Thesis - Chapter 05 (Persistence and Time)	Thesis - Chapter 06 (Animalism and Arguments for It)	Thesis - Chapter 07 (The Constitution View and Arguments for It)
Thesis - Current Stance	Unity of the Person	Website Generator Documentation - Functors, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

To access information, click on one of the links in the table above.

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Authors, Books & Papers Citing this Note

Author	Title	Medium	Extra Links	Read?
Aeon	Video - Don't go tellin' your momma	Paper		Yes
Aeon	Video - The Black cop: a victim, a villain and a hero	Paper		Yes
Alexander (Ronald)	The Self and Narrative Identity	Paper	2, 3
Alexander (Ronald)	The Self, Supervenience and Personal Identity	Book
Alexander (Ronald)	The Self, Supervenience and Personal Identity: Introduction	Paper	2, 3
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	Personal Identity: A Not-So-Simple Simple View	Paper
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	Persons in the Material World	Paper		Yes
Barilan (Y. Michael)	One or Two: An Examination of the Recent Case of the Conjoined Twins from Malta	Paper
Calkin (Jessamy)	A boy named Sophie	Paper		Yes
DeGrazia (David)	Advance Directives, Dementia, and the Someone Else Problem	Paper
DeGrazia (David)	Human Identity and Bioethics	Book	2, 3, 4
DeGrazia (David)	Human Identity and Bioethics: Introduction	Paper	2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10	Yes
DeGrazia (David)	Human Persons: Narrative Identity and Self-Creation	Paper	2, 3, 4, 5
DeGrazia (David)	Identity, What We Are, and the Definition of Death	Paper
Hains (Brigid) & Hains (Paul)	Aeon: 2019+	Paper	2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45	Yes
Hershenov (David)	Review of David DeGrazia’s Human Identity and Bioethics	Paper
Ho (Anita)	No patient is an island	Paper		Yes
Lerner (Berel Dov)	Review of 'Personal Identity and Ethics: A Brief Introduction' by David Shoemaker	Paper		Yes
Lichtenberg (Judith)	Abolish life sentences	Paper		Yes
Nathan (Marco J.)	Knowing your true age requires more than a swab and calendar	Paper		Yes
Olson (Eric)	What Are We? Animals	Paper
Olson (Eric)	What Are We? The Question	Paper	2	Yes
Olson (Eric) & Witt (Karsten)	Narrative and persistence	Paper
Sacks (Oliver)	The Lost Mariner	Paper		Yes
Schwenkler (John)	What does it take for someone to become a ‘different person’?	Paper		Yes
Shoemaker (David)	Personal Identity and Ethics	Paper		Yes
Shoemaker (David)	Personal Identity and Ethics - Conclusion: Notes on Method	Paper	2	Yes
Shoemaker (David)	Personal Identity and Ethics - Introduction	Paper		Yes
Shoemaker (David)	Personal Identity and Moral Responsibility	Paper		Yes
Shoemaker (David)	Personal Identity and Self-Regarding Ethics - Alternative Approaches	Paper	2	Yes
Stenning (Anna)	Understanding empathy through a study of autistic life writing	Paper
Teichert (Dieter)	Narrative, Identity and the Self	Paper	2, 3, 4
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Chapter 02 (What Are We?)	Paper	2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7	Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Chapter 03 (What is a Person?)	Paper	2, 3	Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Chapter 04 (Basic Metaphysical Issues)	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Chapter 05 (Persistence and Time)	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Chapter 06 (Animalism and Arguments for It)	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Chapter 07 (The Constitution View and Arguments for It)	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Current Position	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Evolution	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Numerical Idenity	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Persistence Criteria	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Person	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Race	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Religion	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Self	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Society	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Unity of the Person	Paper		Yes

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References & Reading List

Author	Title	Medium	Source	Read?
Aeon	Video - Don't go tellin' your momma	Paper - Referencing	Aeon, 20 July 2022	Yes
Aeon	Video - Five years after the war	Paper - Cited	Aeon, 18 October 2022	Yes
Aeon	Video - Is life meaningless? And other absurd questions	Paper - Cited	Aeon, 15 July 2021	Yes
Aeon	Video - Sounds for Mazin	Paper - Cited	Aeon, 16 June 2021	Yes
Aeon	Video - The Black cop: a victim, a villain and a hero	Paper - Referencing	Aeon, 07 March 2022	Yes
Aeon	Video - The great malaise	Paper - Cited	Aeon, 18 April 2022	Yes
Aeon	Video - The happiest guy in the world	Paper - Cited	Aeon, 24 February 2022	Yes
Aeon	Video - The lion man	Paper - Cited	Aeon, 20 May 2021	Yes
Aeon	Video - They	Paper - By Subtopic	Aeon, 19 September 2022	Yes
Aeon	Video - Video - Via dolorosa	Paper - By Subtopic	Aeon, 24 March 2021	Yes
Alexander (Ronald)	The Self and Narrative Identity	Paper - Cited	Alexander (Ronald) - The Self, Supervenience and Personal Identity, 1997, Chapter 7	5%
Alexander (Ronald)	The Self, Supervenience and Personal Identity	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	6%
Appiah (Anthony Kwame)	The Politics of Identity	Paper - By Subtopic	Daedalus, Vol. 135, No. 4, On Identity (Fall, 2006), pp. 15-22	No
Aronson (Polina)	Mrs Myself	Paper - By Subtopic	Aeon, 25 September, 2017	Yes
Atran (Scott)	The will to fight	Paper - By Subtopic	Aeon, 11 July 2022	Yes
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	Making Sense of Ourselves: Self-Narratives and Personal Identity	Paper - By Subtopic	Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 15:7–15, 2016	No
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	Persons and Bodies: A Constitution View	Book - Referencing (via Paper Referencing)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	Yes
Baker (Lynne Rudder)	Persons in the Material World	Paper - Referencing	Baker (Lynne) - Persons and Bodies, Chapter 1, pp. 3-88	Yes
Benjamin (Medea), Davies (Nicolas J.S.), vanden Heuvel (Katrina)	War in Ukraine: Making Sense of a Senseless Conflict	Book - By Subtopic	Benjamin (Medea), Davies (Nicolas J.S.), vanden Heuvel (Katrina) - War in Ukraine: Making Sense of a Senseless Conflict	Yes
Benjamin (Medea), Davies (Nicolas J.S.), vanden Heuvel (Katrina)	War in Ukraine: Making Sense of a Senseless Conflict	Paper - By Subtopic	Benjamin (Medea), Davies (Nicolas J.S.), vanden Heuvel (Katrina) - War in Ukraine: Making Sense of a Senseless Conflict	Yes
Bilgrami (Akeel)	Notes toward the Definition of 'Identity'	Paper - By Subtopic	Daedalus, Vol. 135, No. 4, On Identity (Fall, 2006), pp. 5-14	No
Bowles (David)	Learning Nahuatl, the flower song, and the poetics of life	Paper - By Subtopic	Aeon, 16 June 2020	Yes
Burak (Jacob)	Head to head	Paper - By Subtopic	Aeon, 08 October, 2015	Yes
Butler (Isaac)	Why Is Othello Black?	Paper - By Subtopic	Slate, 11 November 2015	Yes
Butler (Judith)	Video - Devenir	Paper - By Subtopic	Aeon, 15 April 2021	Yes
Calkin (Jessamy)	A boy named Sophie	Paper - By Subtopic	The Telegraph Magazine, 26 August 2023	Yes
Campbell (Stephen) & Nyholm (Sven)	Anti-Meaning and Why It Matters	Paper - By Subtopic	Journal of the American Philosophical Association (2015) pp. 694-711	7%
Clark (Andy) & Kuhn (Robert Lawrence)	Aeon: Video - Andy Clark - Virtual immortality	Paper - Cited	Aeon, 19 August, 2019	Yes
Coffman (Elesha J.)	The Margaret Mead problem	Paper - By Subtopic	Aeon, 01 July 2021	Yes
Copeland (Libby)	DNA testing is easy. It can also turn your family upside down	Paper - By Subtopic	Aeon, 12 August 2020	Yes
Crone (Katja)	The self-understanding of persons beyond narrativity	Paper - By Subtopic	Philosophical Explorations 23(2):1-13, February 2020	8%
Damore (James)	Google’s Ideological Echo Chamber	Paper - By Subtopic	Google, 8 August, 2017	Yes
de Beauvoir (Simone)	The Second Sex	Book - Cited	de Beauvoir (Simone) - The Second Sex	No
DeGrazia (David)	Human Identity and Bioethics	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	DeGrazia (David) - Human Identity and Bioethics	7%
DeGrazia (David)	Human Persons: Narrative Identity and Self-Creation	Paper - By Subtopic	DeGrazia - Human Identity and Bioethics, 2005, Chapter 3	No
Doyle (Andrew)	The New Puritans: How the Religion of Social Justice Captured the Western World	Book - By Subtopic	Doyle (Andrew) - The New Puritans: How the Religion of Social Justice Captured the Western World	2%
Doyle (Andrew)	The New Puritans: How the Religion of Social Justice Captured the Western World	Paper - By Subtopic	Doyle (Andrew) - The New Puritans: How the Religion of Social Justice Captured the Western World	4%
Doyle (David Matthew)	Affirming transgender people’s identities is more than politeness	Paper - By Subtopic	Aeon, 01 March 2022	Yes
Fausto-Sterling (Anne)	The Bare Bones of Sex: Part 1 - Sex and Gender	Paper - By Subtopic	Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society , Vol. 30, No. 2 (Winter 2005), pp. 1491-1527	10%
Figes (Orlando)	The Story of Russia	Book - By Subtopic	Figes (Orlando) - The Story of Russia	34%
Figes (Orlando)	The Story of Russia	Paper - By Subtopic	Figes (Orlando) - The Story of Russia	25%
Fine (Cordelia)	Testosterone Rex: Myths of Sex, Science, and Society	Book - By Subtopic	Fine (Cordelia) - Testosterone Rex: Myths of Sex, Science, and Society	2%
Flora (Carlin)	Indescribable you	Paper - By Subtopic	Aeon, 03 August, 2017	Yes
Frankl (Viktor E.)	Man's Search For Meaning: The classic tribute to hope from the Holocaust	Book - By Subtopic	Frankl (Viktor E.) - Man's Search For Meaning: The classic tribute to hope from the Holocaust	Yes
Frankl (Viktor E.)	Man's Search For Meaning: The classic tribute to hope from the Holocaust	Paper - By Subtopic	Frankl (Viktor E.) - Man's Search For Meaning: The classic tribute to hope from the Holocaust	Yes
Gallagher (Shaun)	Self and Narrative	Paper - By Subtopic	Jeff Malpas and Hans-Helmuth Gander. The Routledge Companion to Philosophical Hermeneutics (403-414). London: Routledge. 2014	8%
Glasgow (Joshua)	Another Look at the Reality of Race, By Which I Mean Race-f	Paper - By Subtopic	Hazlett (Allan) - New Waves in Metaphysics, Chapter 3	20%
Glover (Jonathan)	I: Philosophy and Psychology of Personal Identity	Book - By Subtopic	Glover (Jonathan) - I: Philosophy and Psychology of Personal Identity	6%
Gordin (Michael D.)	Identifying Einstein	Paper - By Subtopic	Aeon, 2 April 2020	Yes
Hains (Brigid) & Hains (Paul)	Aeon: 2019+	Paper - Referencing	Hains (Brigid) & Hains (Paul) - Aeon	Yes
Hains (Brigid) & Hains (Paul)	Aeon: A-B (& General)	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Hains (Brigid) & Hains (Paul) - Aeon: A-B (& General)	100%
Hains (Brigid) & Hains (Paul)	Aeon: A-B (& General)	Book - Referencing (via Paper Referencing)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	100%
Hains (Brigid) & Hains (Paul)	Aeon: C-F	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Hains (Brigid) & Hains (Paul) - Aeon: C-F	51%
Hains (Brigid) & Hains (Paul)	Aeon: C-F	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	51%
Hains (Brigid) & Hains (Paul)	Aeon: L-P	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Hains (Brigid) & Hains (Paul) - Aeon: L-P	33%
Hains (Brigid) & Hains (Paul)	Aeon: Q-S	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Hains (Brigid) & Hains (Paul) - Aeon: Q-S	30%
Harrelson (Kevin J.)	Narrative Identity and Diachronic Self-Knowledge	Paper - By Subtopic	Journal of the American Philosophical Association (2016) pp. 164-179	7%
Harrison (Glynne)	Who am I today? The modern crisis of identity	Paper - By Subtopic	Jubilee Centre; Cambridge Papers: Towards a Biblical Mind, Vol. 25.1, March 2016	No
Hazlett (Allan)	New Waves in Metaphysics	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Hazlett (Allan) - New Waves in Metaphysics	10%
Heydari (Azam Hadj)	The Price of Being Human: My Fight Against the Mullahs	Book - By Subtopic	Heydari (Azam Hadj) - The Price of Being Human: My Fight Against the Mullahs	Yes
Ho (Anita)	No patient is an island	Paper - Referencing	Aeon, 2020	Yes
Jaarsma (Ada)	Choose your own birth	Paper - Cited	Aeon, 10 March 2020	Yes
Knobe (Joshua)	Personal Identity and Dual Character Concepts	Paper - By Subtopic	Tobia, K. (Ed.). Experimental Philosophy of Identity and the Self, London, Bloomsbury, 25 Aug 2022	Yes
Kohn (Marek)	Us and them	Paper - By Subtopic	Aeon, 10 January 2013	Yes
Lamarque (Peter)	On Not Expecting Too Much from Narrative	Paper - By Subtopic	Mind and Language 19.4 (2004): 393-408	7%
Lichtenberg (Judith)	Abolish life sentences	Paper - Referencing	Aeon, 12 August 2022	Yes
Lockhart (Jeffrey W.)	What sex-difference science misses about the messy reality of sex	Paper - By Subtopic	Aeon, 17 August 2022	Yes
Lopez-Cantero (Pilar)	Your love story is a narrative that gets written in tandem	Paper - By Subtopic	Aeon, 27 April 2020	Yes
Lumsden (David)	Narrative construction of the self	Paper - By Subtopic	Te Reo, 2013/2014: [161]-175	8%
Mac Donald (Heather)	The Diversity Delusion	Book - By Subtopic	Mac Donald (Heather) - The Diversity Delusion	3%
Mac Donald (Heather)	The Diversity Delusion	Paper - By Subtopic	Mac Donald (Heather) - The Diversity Delusion: How Race and Gender Pandering Corrupt the University and Undermine Our Culture	6%
Mark (Clifton)	A belief in meritocracy is not only false: it’s bad for you	Paper - By Subtopic	Aeon, 08 March, 2019	Yes
Mark (Clifton)	What is offensive?	Paper - By Subtopic	Aeon, 17 October, 2018	Yes
McGowan (Kat)	Silicon phoenix	Paper - By Subtopic	Aeon, 2 May 2016	Yes
Meincke (Anne Sophie)	Personal Identity Without Personality? Remarks on a Neglected Relation	Paper - By Subtopic	Philosophische Yahrbuch, 114-145, 2016	7%
Murray (Douglas)	The Madness of Crowds: Gender, Race and Identity	Book - By Subtopic	Murray (Douglas) - The Madness of Crowds: Gender, Race and Identity	Yes
Murray (Douglas)	The Madness of Crowds: Gender, Race and Identity	Paper - By Subtopic	Murray (Douglas) - The Madness of Crowds: Gender, Race and Identity	Yes
Nagel (Thomas)	Mortal Questions	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Nagel (Thomas) - Mortal Questions	Yes
Nagel (Thomas)	The Absurd	Paper - By Subtopic	Nagel (Thomas) - Mortal Questions, 1979	Yes
Nathan (Marco J.)	Knowing your true age requires more than a swab and calendar	Paper - Referencing	Aeon, 02 March 2022	Yes
Neely (Adam)	Video - Music Theory and White Supremacy	Paper - By Subtopic	YouTube Video: Posted 7 September 2020	No
Nelson (Alondra)	The Social Life of DNA: Race, Reparations, and Reconciliation After the Genome	Book - By Subtopic	Nelson (Alondra) - The Social Life of DNA: Race, Reparations, and Reconciliation After the Genome	3%
Nelson (Alondra)	The Social Life of DNA: Race, Reparations, and Reconciliation After the Genome	Paper - By Subtopic	Nelson (Alondra) - The Social Life of DNA: Race, Reparations, and Reconciliation After the Genome	6%
Nguyen (Augustino T.)	Why Believing That Gay Sex and Marriage Is Good Might Not Be Easy For Many	Paper - By Subtopic	Academia.edu, 15 March 2022	No
Olberding (Amy)	The outsider	Paper - By Subtopic	Aeon, 6 March 2018	Yes
Olson (Eric)	What are We? A Study of Personal Ontology	Book - Referencing (via Paper Referencing)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	99%
Olson (Eric)	What Are We? Animals	Paper - Referencing	What Are We? A Study in Personal Ontology, Chapter 2 (November 2007: Oxford University Press.)	81%
Olson (Eric)	What Are We? The Question	Paper - Referencing	What Are We? A Study in Personal Ontology, Chapter 1 (November 2007: Oxford University Press.)	Yes
Olson (Eric) & Witt (Karsten)	Narrative and persistence	Paper - By Subtopic	Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 49(3), 2019, 414-434	13%
Olusoga (David)	Black and British: A Forgotten History	Book - By Subtopic	Olusoga (David) - Black and British: A Forgotten History	Yes
Olusoga (David)	Black and British: A Forgotten History	Paper - By Subtopic	Olusoga (David) - Black and British: A Forgotten History	Yes
Pearl (Sharrona)	Changing faces	Paper - By Subtopic	Aeon, 15 November, 2017	Yes
Plokhy (Serhii)	Lost Kingdom: A History of Russian Nationalism from Ivan the Great to Vladimir Putin	Book - By Subtopic	Plokhy (Serhii) - Lost Kingdom: A History of Russian Nationalism from Ivan the Great to Vladimir Putin	2%
Plokhy (Serhii)	Lost Kingdom: A History of Russian Nationalism from Ivan the Great to Vladimir Putin	Paper - By Subtopic	Plokhy (Serhii) - Lost Kingdom: A History of Russian Nationalism from Ivan the Great to Vladimir Putin	3%
Rakowitz (Michael)	Video - Michael Rakowitz: haunting the West	Paper - By Subtopic	Aeon, 23 March 2021	Yes
Rau (Philipp)	The Author, Not the Tale: Memory, Narrative, and the Self	Paper - By Subtopic	PhD Thesis, University of Sheffield, Department of Philosophy, June 2016	0%
Ricketts (Peter)	Hard Choices: What Britain Does Next	Book - By Subtopic	Ricketts (Peter) - Hard Choices: What Britain Does Next	Yes
Ricketts (Peter)	Hard Choices: What Britain Does Next	Paper - By Subtopic	Ricketts (Peter) - Hard Choices: What Britain Does Next	Yes
Rolston (Dorian)	Don’t take life so seriously: Montaigne’s lessons on the inner life	Paper - By Subtopic	Aeon, 17 March 2020	Yes
Ross (Alex)	Black Scholars Confront White Supremacy in Classical Music	Paper - By Subtopic	The New Yorker, 21 September 2020	56%
Rudd (Anthony)	Narrative, Expression and Mental Substance	Paper - By Subtopic	Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 48 (5):413-435 (2005)	5%
Rutherford (Adam)	How to Argue With a Racist: History, Science, Race and Reality	Book - By Subtopic	Rutherford (Adam) - How to Argue With a Racist: History, Science, Race and Reality	1%
Rutherford (Adam)	How to Argue With a Racist: History, Science, Race and Reality	Paper - By Subtopic	Rutherford (Adam) - How to Argue With a Racist: History, Science, Race and Reality	5%
Saini (Angela)	Superior: The Return of Race Science	Book - By Subtopic	Saini (Angela) - Superior: The Return of Race Science	0%
Saini (Angela)	Superior: The Return of Race Science	Paper - By Subtopic	Saini (Angela) - Superior: The Return of Race Science	2%
Saint-Exupery (Antoine de)	The Little Prince	Book - Cited	Saint-Exupery (Antoine de) - The Little Prince	Yes
Saint-Exupery (Antoine de)	The Little Prince	Paper - By Subtopic	Saint-Exupery (Antoine de) - The Little Prince	Yes
Schechtman (Marya)	Stories, Lives, and Basic Survival: A Refinement and Defense of the Narrative View	Paper - By Subtopic	Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplements , Volume 60: Narrative and Understanding Persons , May 2007 , pp. 155 - 178	5%
Schechtman (Marya)	The Constitution of Selves	Book - By Subtopic	Schechtman (Marya) - The Constitution of Selves	6%
Schechtman (Marya)	The Narrative Self-Constitution View	Paper - By Subtopic	Schechtman - The Constitution of Selves, 1996, Chapter 5	3%
Scheffler (Samuel)	Aging as a Normative Phenomenon	Paper - By Subtopic	Journal of the American Philosophical Association (2016) pp. 505-522	7%
Schroer (Robert)	Reductionism in Personal Identity and the Phenomenological Sense of Being a Temporally Extended Self	Paper - By Subtopic	American Philosophical Quarterly 50 (4):339-356 (2013)	6%
Schwenkler (John)	What does it take for someone to become a ‘different person’?	Paper - Referencing	Aeon, 17 May 2022	Yes
Shakespeare (Tom)	We are all frail	Paper - By Subtopic	Aeon, 16 November 2021	Yes
Shoemaker (David)	Personal Identity and Ethics	Paper - Cited	Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy, 2005-12	Yes
Shoemaker (David)	Personal Identity and Ethics: A Brief Introduction	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Shoemaker (David) - Personal Identity and Ethics: A Brief Introduction	Yes
Shoemaker (David)	Personal Identity and Self-Regarding Ethics - Alternative Approaches	Paper - By Subtopic	Shoemaker (David) - Personal Identity and Ethics: A Brief Introduction, 2009, Chapter 3	Yes
Shoemaker (Sydney)	Identity & Identities	Paper - By Subtopic	Daedalus, Vol. 135, No. 4, On Identity (Fall, 2006), pp. 40-48	No
Smith (Barry C.), Broks (Paul), Kennedy (A.L.) & Evans (Jules)	Audio: What Does It Mean to Be Me?	Paper - Cited	BBC Website, April 2015	Yes
Smith (Zadie)	White Teeth	Book - By Subtopic	Smith (Zadie) - White Teeth	No
Stevenson (Leslie)	Sartre: Radical Freedom	Paper - Cited	Stevenson & Haberman - Ten Theories of Human Nature, 2004, Chapter 9	Yes
Stevenson (Leslie) & Haberman (David)	Ten Theories of Human Nature	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	17%
Stokes (Patrick)	Locke, Kierkegaard and the Phenomenology of Personal Identity	Paper - By Subtopic	International Journal of Philosophical Studies Vol. 16(5), 645–672, 2008	4%
Stokes (Patrick)	Will it be me? Identity, concern and perspective	Paper - By Subtopic	Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 2013, Vol. 43, No. 2, 206–226	6%
Stone (Alison)	Thinking about one’s birth is as uncanny as thinking of death	Paper - By Subtopic	Aeon, 20 November, 2019	Yes
Strawson (Galen)	I am not a story	Paper - By Subtopic	Aeon, 03 September, 2015	Yes
Swift (David)	The Identity Myth: Why We Need to Embrace Our Differences to Beat Inequality	Book - By Subtopic	Swift (David) - The Identity Myth: Why We Need to Embrace Our Differences to Beat Inequality	Yes
Swift (David)	The Identity Myth: Why We Need to Embrace Our Differences to Beat Inequality	Paper - By Subtopic	Swift (David) - The Identity Myth: Why We Need to Embrace Our Differences to Beat Inequality	Yes
Todman (Theo)	Autobiography	Paper - By Subtopic		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Chapter 03 (What is a Person?)	Paper - Referencing		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Chapter 07 (The Constitution View and Arguments for It)	Paper - Referencing		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Narrative Identity	Paper - By Subtopic		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Religion	Paper - Referencing		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Unity of the Person	Paper - Referencing		Yes
Vince (Gaia)	Transcendence: How Humans Evolved through Fire, Language, Beauty, and Time	Book - By Subtopic	Vince (Gaia) - Transcendence: How Humans Evolved through Fire, Language, Beauty, and Time	2%
Walker (A.J.S.)	Roles, Persons and Action: A philosophical examination of role theory and its implications	Book - By Subtopic	Walker (A.J.S.) - Roles, Persons and Action: A philosophical examination of role theory and its implications	No
Zamoyski (Adam)	Poland: A history	Book - By Subtopic	Zamoyski (Adam) - Poland: A history	Yes
Zamoyski (Adam)	Poland: A history	Paper - By Subtopic	Zamoyski (Adam) - Poland: A history	Yes

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