Theo Todman's Web Page - Notes Pages

Personal Identity

Transhumanism

(Text as at 15/05/2022 13:19:12)

*** THIS IS NOT THE LATEST VERSION OF THIS NOTE ***

Plug Note¹

• Thesis Text:
  1. Transhumanism is the thesis that we human beings² can – in principle at least – transcend our animal³ nature and escape or at least augment – in whole or part – our animal bodies⁴.
  2. The movement hopes – amongst other things – to extend our lifespans – either considerably or indefinitely.
  3. One particular strand of this hope is to escape our mortal bodies altogether by “uploading⁵ ourselves” to a digital computer⁶.
  4. Of course, there’s lots more to the movement, especially with somatic and mental augmentation to expedite our evolutionary⁷ progress via Cyborgisation⁸.
  5. I’m very doubtful about the possibility – practical or theoretical – of most of these aims, as well as their desirability. However, while this topic is on the borders of sci-fi, it is a challenge to animalism⁹ in that it presupposes that “we¹⁰” can transcend our biological origins¹¹ in some way or other.
  6. The premier transhumanist of my acquaintance is Nick Bostrom. He has also argued that we might be (and indeed probably are) living in a computer¹² simulation. See:-
     1. "Bostrom (Nick) - Are You Living in a Computer Simulation?",
     2. "Weatherson (Brian) - Are You a Sim?", and
     3. "Bostrom (Nick) - The Simulation Argument: Reply to Weatherson".
        
  7. A light-hearted introductions to the ideas and personalities are:-
     1. "O'Connell (Mark) - To be a Machine", and
     2. "Tegmark (Max) - Life 3.0: Being Human in the Age of Artificial Intelligence"
        
  8. And the main text for this topic is "More (Max) & Vita-More (Natasha) - The Transhumanist Reader". It’s probably best to start with the Introductions to the book’s nine Parts.
  9. Enough to say here that I’m not sympathetic to these aims, nor to the possibility of Uploading¹³, even in principle.
• While the whole book is interesting, the papers – from a quick look – that are most germane to my Thesis have been segregated in the reading list below.
• This topic connects to a number of related items:-
  1. Androids¹⁴,
  2. Chimera¹⁵,
  3. Cyborgs¹⁶,
  4. Non-Human Persons¹⁷
  5. Superintelligence¹⁸
  6. The Singularity¹⁹
  7. Teletransportation²⁰,
  → and maybe others …
• For a page of Links²¹ to this Note, Click here.
• Works on this topic that I’ve actually read²², include the following:-
  • Aeon:
    1. "Aeon - Video - Hacking enlightenment", 2021, External Link
    2. "Aeon - Video - Is our attention for sale?", 2020, External Link
    3. "Aeon - Video - Soft awareness", 2020, External Link
    4. "Andersen (Ross) - Exodus", 2014, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    5. "Andersen (Ross) - Omens", 2013, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    6. "Ball (Philip) - Sim ethics", 2018, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    7. "Buckingham (Angela) - Murder in virtual reality should be illegal", 2016, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    8. "Burri (Susanne) & Robillard (Michael) - Why banning autonomous killer robots wouldn’t solve anything", 2017, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    9. "Cave (Stephen) - Frozen dead guys", 2013, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    10. "Chatfield (Tom) - Automated ethics", 2014, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    11. "Clark (Andy) & Kuhn (Robert Lawrence) - Aeon: Video - Andy Clark - Virtual immortality", 2019, External Link, Footnote₂₃
    12. "Clay (Alexa) - Growing up alien", 2014, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    13. "Colebrook (Claire) - End-times for humanity", 2017, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    14. "Davies (Sally) - Women’s minds matter", 2019, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    15. "Delistraty (Cody) - Drugs du jour", 2017, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    16. "Deutsch (David) - Creative blocks", 2012, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    17. "Dingemanse (Mark) - The space between our heads", 2020, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    18. "Foroohar (Rana) - Video - How Big Tech betrayed us", 2021, External Link
    19. "Francis (Matthew) - Is this life real?", 2014, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    20. "Fry (Hannah) - Video - Should computers run the world?", 2021, External Link
    21. "Gifford (Sheyna) - Life on Mars", 2016, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    22. "Graziano (Michael) - Endless fun", 2013, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    23. "Greene (Kate) - Planet boredom", 2014, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    24. "Houston (Catriona) - Remote control of the brain is coming: how will we use it?", 2016, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    25. "Jaekl (Philip) - Am I my connectome?", 2021, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    26. "Jaekl (Philip) - In Cold Blood", 2017, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    27. "Jones (Christopher) - New tech only benefits the elite until the people demand more", 2016, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    28. "Krakauer (David C.) - At the limits of thought", 2020, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    29. "Lindsay (Grace) - Planes don’t flap their wings: does AI work like a brain?", 2018, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    30. "Marsa (Linda) - The longevity gap", 2014, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    31. "Mascaro (Joe) - To save Earth, go to Mars", 2016, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    32. "Medlock (Ben) - The body is the missing link for truly intelligent machines", 2017, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    33. "Minerva (Francesca) & Rorheim (Adrian) - What are the ethical consequences of immortality technology?", 2017, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    34. "Paik (Jamie) - Robogamis are the real heirs of terminators and transformers", 2020, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    35. "Pessoa (Luiz) - Robot cognition requires machines that both think and feel", 2018, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    36. "Poole (Steven) - The human race", 2012, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    37. "Price (Huw) - Now it’s time to prepare for the Machinocene", 2016, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    38. "Rose (Hilary) & Rose (Steven) - Prometheus Inc", 2013, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    39. "Scharf (Caleb) - Where do minds belong?", 2016, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    40. "Schwitzgebel (Eric) - We have greater moral obligations to robots than to humans", 2015, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    41. "Sepkoski (David) - What a fossil revolution reveals about the history of ‘big data’", 2018, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    42. "Shostak (Seth) - Video - Further - Seth Shostak", 2016, External Link
    43. "Singler (Beth) - fAIth", 2017, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    44. "Stinson (Catherine) - Algorithms associating appearance and criminality have a dark past", 2020, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    45. "Wareham (Christopher) - How can life-extending treatments be available for all?", 2017, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    46. "Zimmerman (Jess) - Young blood", 2014, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
  • General:
    1. "Allen (Nick) - Opening up the real-life X-files", 2021
    2. "Andersen (Ross) - What Happens If China Makes First Contact?", 2017, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    3. "Bostrom (Nick) - Are You Living in a Computer Simulation?", 2003, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    4. "Chalmers (David) - The Matrix as Metaphysics", 2005, Internal PDF Link
    5. "Christian (Brian) - The Most Human Human: A Defence of Humanity in the Age of the Computer", 2011, Book
    6. "Collins (Barry) - Can AI Solve Chess's Stalemate", 2022
    7. "Dainton (Barry) - Self: Philosophy In Transit: Prologue", 2014
    8. "Grossman (Lev), Kurzweil (Ray) - 2045: The Year Man Becomes Immortal", 2011, Write-Up Note²⁴, Annotations
    9. "Harari (Yuval Noah) - Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow", 2017, Book
    10. "Hawthorne (John X.) - Are You Ready For The Cyborg Technology Coming In 2021?", 2018, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    11. "Jones (D. Gareth) - A Christian Perspective on Human Enhancement", 2010, Internal PDF Link
    12. "Kobie (Nicole) - Quantum Supremacy is here - So what?", 2020
    13. "Marshall (Richard) & Olson (Eric) - Eric T. Olson: The Philosopher with No Hands", 2014, External Link
    14. "McGlokin (Mitch) - Aeon - Video - Forever", 2022, External Link
    15. "Midgley (Mary) - Biotechnology and Monstrosity: Why We Should Pay Attention to the 'Yuk Factor'", 2000, Annotations, Internal PDF Link
    16. "O'Connell (Mark) - To be a Machine", 2017, Book
    17. "Price (Huw), Cave (Stephen), Iida (Fumiya), Etc. - Preparing for the future: artificial intelligence and us: Part 1", 2018, External Link
    18. "Price (Huw), Cave (Stephen), Iida (Fumiya), Etc. - Preparing for the future: artificial intelligence and us: Part 2", 2018, External Link
    19. "Regis (Ed) - Great Mambo Chicken and the Transhuman Condition: Science Slightly over the Edge", 1991, Book
    20. "Shipley (G.J.) - Review of Andy Clark's 'Natural-Born Cyborgs'", 2004, Annotations, Internal PDF Link
    21. "Silver (Albert) - The future is here – AlphaZero learns chess", 2017, External Link
    22. "Simon-Lewis (Alexandra) - Is it dangerous to recreate flawed human morality in machines?", 2017, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    23. "Tegmark (Max) - Life 3.0: Being Human in the Age of Artificial Intelligence", 2018, Book
    24. "The Week, Botsman (Rachel) - Big data meets Big Brother", 2017, Internal PDF Link
    25. "The Week, Lucas (Louise) & Feng (Emily) - Inside China's Surveillance State", 2018, Internal PDF Link
    26. "Tillson (John) - Imagine you could insert knowledge into your mind: should you?", 2021, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    27. "Wyatt (John) - Artificial intelligence and simulated relationships", 2019, External Link, Internal PDF Link
• A further reading list might start with:-
  • Core Text:
    1. "More (Max) & Vita-More (Natasha) - The Transhumanist Reader", 2013, Book, Read = 6%
    2. "More (Max) & Vita-More (Natasha) - Transhumanism: Biopolitics and Policy - Introduction", 2013, Read = 133%
    3. "More (Max) & Vita-More (Natasha) - Transhumanism: Core Technologies - Introduction", 2013, Read = 133%
    4. "More (Max) & Vita-More (Natasha) - Transhumanism: Engines of Life: Identity and Beyond Death - Introduction", 2013, Read = 100%
    5. "More (Max) & Vita-More (Natasha) - Transhumanism: Enhanced Decision-Making - Introduction", 2013, Read = 100%
    6. "More (Max) & Vita-More (Natasha) - Transhumanism: Future Trajectories: Singularity - Introduction", 2013, Read = 167%
    7. "More (Max) & Vita-More (Natasha) - Transhumanism: Human Enhancement: The Cognitive Sphere - Introduction", 2013, Read = 167%
    8. "More (Max) & Vita-More (Natasha) - Transhumanism: Human Enhancement: The Somatic Sphere - Introduction", 2013, Read = 100%
    9. "More (Max) & Vita-More (Natasha) - Transhumanism: Roots and Core Themes - Introduction", 2013, Read = 233%
    10. "More (Max) & Vita-More (Natasha) - Transhumanism: The World's Most Dangerous Idea - Introduction", 2013, Read = 100%
  • Core Text - Papers:
    1. "Bostrom (Nick) - Why I Want to be a Posthuman When I Grow Up", 2013
    2. "Brin (David), Broderick (Damien), Bostrom (Nick), Chislenko (Alexander), Hanson (Robin), More (Max), Etc. - A Critical Discussion of Vinge's Singularity Concept", 2013
    3. "Broderick (Damien) - Trans and Post", 2013
    4. "Clark (Andy) - Re-Inventing Ourselves: The Plasticity of Embodiment, Sensing, and Mind", 2013
    5. "Goertzel (Ben) - Artificial General Intelligence and the Future of Humanity", 2013
    6. "Hall (J. Storrs) - Nanocomputers", 2013
    7. "Hughes (James) - Transhumanism and Personal Identity", 2013
    8. "Koene (Randal A.) - Uploading to Substrate-Independent Minds", 2013
    9. "Kurzweil (Ray) & Drexler (K. Eric) - Dialogue between Ray Kurzweil and Eric Drexler", 2013
    10. "Merkle (Ralph C.) - Uploading", 2013
    11. "Moravec (Hans) - Pigs in Cyberspace", 2013
    12. "More (Max) - A Letter to Mother Nature", 2013
    13. "More (Max) - The Philosophy of Transhumanism", 2013
    14. "Prisco (Giulio) - Transcendent Engineering", 2013
    15. "Rose (Michael R.) - Immortalist Fictions and Strategies", 2013
    16. "Sandberg (Anders) & Bostrom (Nick) - Whole Brain Emulation: A Roadmap", 2008, Internal PDF Link
    17. "Vinge (Vernor) - Technological Singularity", 2013, No Abstract
  • General:
    1. "Agar (Nicholas) - Enhancing Humananity", 2014, Internal PDF Link, Read = 7%
    2. "Agar (Nicholas) - Whereto Transhumanism?: The Literature Reaches a Critical Mass", 2007, Internal PDF Link, Read = 33%
    3. "Alexander (Denis) - Enhancing humans or a new creation?", 2009, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 33%
    4. "Alexander (Denis) - Healing, enhancement and the human future", 2019, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 33%
    5. "Anton (Roman) - Re-evaluation of artificial intelligence engine alpha zero", 2007, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 25%
    6. "Awad (Edmond), Etc. - The Moral Machine experiment", 2018, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 11%
    7. "Baker (Lynne Rudder) - Christianity and the Extended-Mind Thesis", 2012, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 7%
    8. "Ball (Matthew ) - The Metaverse: What It Is, Where to Find it, Who Will Build It, and Fortnite", 2020, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 11%
    9. "Barazzetti (Gaia) & Reichlin (Massimo) - Life Extension and Personal Identity", 2011, Internal PDF Link, Read = 42%
    10. "Bekh (Olena) & Dingley (James) - Complete Ukrainian Beginner to Intermediate Course", 2012, Book, Read = 9%
    11. "Binstock (Robert H.) - Anti-Aging Medicine and Research: A Realm of Conflict and Profound Societal Implications", 2004, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 11%
    12. "Boloni (Ladislau) - From the philosophy of personal identity to the laws of agent societies", 2004, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 11%
    13. "Boorse (Dorothy) - Anti-Aging: Radical Longevity, Environmental Impacts, and Christian Theology", 2005, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 11%
    14. "Bostrom (Nick) - Are You Living in a Computer Simulation?", 2003, No Abstract
    15. "Bostrom (Nick) - Dignity and Enhancement", 2007, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 4%
    16. "Bostrom (Nick) - Human Genetic Enhancements: A Transhumanist Perspective", 2003, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 6%
    17. "Bostrom (Nick) - Infinite Ethics", 2011, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 2%
    18. "Bostrom (Nick) - Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies", 2014, Book, Read = 4%
    19. "Bostrom (Nick) - The Fable of the Dragon-Tyrant", 2005, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 100%
    20. "Bostrom (Nick) - The Future of Humanity", 2009, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 8%
    21. "Bostrom (Nick) - The Simulation Argument: Reply to Weatherson", 2005, Internal PDF Link
    22. "Bostrom (Nick) - The Transhumanist FAQ - A General Introduction", 2003, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 9%
    23. "Bostrom (Nick) - Where Are They? Why I hope the search for extraterrestrial life finds nothing", 2008, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 17%
    24. "Bostrom (Nick) & Sandberg (Anders) - The Wisdom of Nature: An Evolutionary Heuristic for Human Enhancement", 2009, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 6%
    25. "Bostrom (Nick) & Savulescu (Julian) - Human Enhancement Ethics: The State of the Debate", 2009, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 6%
    26. "Bostrom (Nick) & Yudkowsky (Eliezer) - The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence", 2011, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 6%
    27. "Bostrom (Nick), Dafoe (Allan) & Flynn (Carrick) - Policy Desiderata for Superintelligent AI: A Vector Field Approach", 2019, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 4%
    28. "Bridle (James) - New Dark Age: Technology and the End of the Future", 2018, Book, Read = 4%
    29. "Bringsjord (Selmer) & Zenzen (Michael) - Superminds: People Harness Hypercomputation, and More", 2003, Book
    30. "Cerullo (Michael A.) - Uploading and Branching Identity", 2015, Annotations, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 133%
    31. "Chalmers (David) - The Singularity: A philosophical analysis", 2010, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    32. "Cholbi (Michael), Etc. - John Templeton Foundation - Immortality Project Research Review", 2018, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 3%
    33. "Christen (Markus), Etc. - An Evaluation Schema for the Ethical Use of Autonomous Robotic Systems in Security Applications", 2017-8, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    34. "Contera (Sonia) - Nano Comes to Life", 2019, Book, Read = 1%
    35. "da Cunha (Rui Vieira) - Will I ever Be a Cyborg?", 2020, Internal PDF Link, Read = 13%
    36. "Dainton (Barry) - Self: Philosophy In Transit", 2014, Book, Read = 7%
    37. "DiGiovanna (James) - Fission, Fusion, and the Real World", Undated, Internal PDF Link, Read = 14%
    38. "DiGiovanna (James) - Identity: Difficulties, Discontinuities and Pluralities of Personhood", 2015, Internal PDF Link, Read = 17%
    39. "Edgar (Brian) - A New Immortality? Reflections on Genetics, Human Aging and the Possibility of Unlimited Lifespan", 1999, Internal PDF Link, Read = 6%
    40. "Fetzer (James) - Computers and Cognition - Why Minds are not Machines", 2001, Book
    41. "Foroohar (Rana) - Don't Be Evil: How Big Tech Betrayed Its Founding Principles - And All of Us", 2019, Book, Read = 1%
    42. "Fry (Hannah) - Hello World: How to be Human in the Age of the Machine", 2018, Book, Read = 2%
    43. "Gavaghan (Colin) - A whole new... you? ‘Personal identity’, emerging technologies and the law", 2010, Internal PDF Link, Read = 8%
    44. "Gibson (Margaret) & Carden (Clarissa) - Living and Dying in a Virtual World: Digital Kinships, Nostalgia, and Mourning in Second Life", 2018, Book, Read = 1%
    45. "Goertzel (Ben) - Creating Internet Intelligence: Wild Computing, Distributed Digital Consciousness, And The Emerging Global Brain", 2002, Book
    46. "Grau (Christopher) - Philosophers Explore 'The Matrix'", 2005, Book, Read = 8%
    47. "Hanson (Robin) - The Age of Em: Work, Love, and Life when Robots Rule the Earth", 2016, Book, Read = 5%
    48. "Hayworth (Kenneth) - Killed by bad philosophy: Why brain preservation followed by mind uploading is a cure for death", 2010, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    49. "Kaku (Michio) - Parallel Worlds: The Science of Alternative Universes and Our Future in the Cosmos", 2006, Book, Read = 1%
    50. "Kaku (Michio) - Physics of the Future: The Inventions That Will Transform Our Lives", 2012, Book, Read = 1%
    51. "Kaku (Michio) - Physics of the Impossible: A Scientific Exploration of the World of Phasers, Force Fields, Teleportation and Time Travel", 2009, Book, Read = 1%
    52. "Kaku (Michio) - Visions: How Science Will Revolutionize the 21st Century", 1999, Book, Read = 1%
    53. "Kent (Adrian) - Replication Ethics", 2019, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 11%
    54. "Koene (Randal) & Deca (Diana) - Whole Brain Emulation seeks to Implement a Mind and its General Intelligence through System Identification", 2013, Internal PDF Link, Read = 11%
    55. "Kofoed-Ottesen (Mathias) - Really Good Lives (in the machine)? An onto-epistemological argument against Nozick’s Experience Machine", 2021, Internal PDF Link, Read = 83%
    56. "Kurzweil (Ray) - ‘I Married a Computer’: An Exchange (between Ray Kurzweil and John Searle)", 1999, External Link
    57. "Kurzweil (Ray) - The Age of Spiritual Machines", 1999, Book
    58. "Lachs (John) - Persons and Technology", 1985, No Abstract, Internal PDF Link
    59. "Liao (S. Matthew) - Twinning, Inorganic Replacement, and the Organism View", 2010, Internal PDF Link, Read = 11%
    60. "Madary (Michael) - Intentionality and virtual objects: the case of Qiu Chengwei’s dragon sabre", 2014, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 33%
    61. "Madary (Michael) & Metzinger (Thomas) - Real Virtuality: A Code of Ethical Conduct", 2016, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 14%
    62. "Marshall (Richard) & Metzinger (Thomas) - Thomas Metzinger: All About the Ego Tunnel", 2016, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 11%
    63. "Maxmen (Amy) - A moral map for AI cars", 2018, External Link, Read = 100%
    64. "Midgley (Mary) - Evolution as a Religion - Strange Hopes and Stranger Fears", 1995, Book, Read = 2%
    65. "Moore (Adrian W.) - Is the quest for immortality worse than death?", 2019, Internal PDF Link, Read = 33%
    66. "Oderberg (David) - Could There Be a Superhuman Species?", 2014, Internal PDF Link, Read = 6%
    67. "Olson (Eric) - The Central Dogma Of Transhumanism", 2017, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 67%
    68. "Ord (Toby) - The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity", 2020, Book
    69. "Otsuka (Michael) - Personal Identity, Substantial Change, and the Significance of Becoming", 2018, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 25%
    70. "Proudfoot (Diane) - Facts about Artificial Intelligence", 1999, No Abstract, Internal PDF Link
    71. "Proudfoot (Diane) - How Human Can They Get? Review of The Age of Spiritual Machines by Ray Kurzweil", 1999, No Abstract, Internal PDF Link
    72. "Quach (Katyanna) - Checkmate: DeepMind's AlphaZero AI clobbered rival chess app on non-level playing, er, board", 2017, External Link, Read = 73%
    73. "Richmond (Alasdair) - Immortality and Doomsday", 2004, Internal PDF Link, Read = 8%
    74. "Sandberg (Anders) - An Overview of Models of Technological Singularity", 2013
    75. "Schneider (Susan) - Artificial You", 2019, Book, Read = 7%
    76. "Schwitzgebel (Eric) & Garza (Mara) - A Defense of the Rights of Artificial Intelligences", 2015, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 3%
    77. "Searle (John) - ‘I Married a Computer’: An Exchange (between Ray Kurzweil and John Searle)", 1999, Internal PDF Link
    78. "Seung (Sebastian) - Connectome: How the Brain's Wiring Makes Us Who We Are", 2012, Book, Read = 2%
    79. "Silver (David), Hassabis (Demis), Etc. - Mastering Chess and Shogi by Self-Play with a General Reinforcement Learning Algorithm", 2017, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 22%
    80. "Silver (David), Hassabis (Demis), Etc. - Mastering the Game of Go without Human Knowledge", 2017, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 6%
    81. "Smith (Wilfred Cantwell) - The Promise of Artificial Intelligence", 2019, Book, Read = 2%
    82. "Susskind (Daniel) - A World Without Work: Technology, Automation and How We Should Respond", 2020, Book, Read = 2%
    83. "Tegmark (Max) & Bostrom (Nick) - How Unlikely is a Doomsday Catastrophe?", 2005, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 17%
    84. "Weatherson (Brian) - Are You a Sim?", 2003, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    85. "Wheeler (Tim Allan) - AlphaGo Zero - How and Why it Works", 2017, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 33%
    86. "Wilmott (Paul) - Machine Learning: An Applied Mathematics Introduction", 2019, Book, Read = 3%
• For further papers held on-line of potential interest, follow this Link²⁵. Total papers = 2.
• This is mostly a place-holder²⁶.