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Personal Identity

Immortality

(Text as at 06/07/2023 00:43:12)

Plug Note¹

• Thesis Text:
  1. In the Biblical Christian tradition, God is the only being with natural immortality (see 1 Timothy 6:16 “God … who alone is immortal”, NIV), but Plato (and his Platonising Christian followers) had it that the (human) soul² is also naturally immortal. The Biblical view – at least on some interpretations – is rather that God gives or denies immortality to whoever he wishes (and there is consequently no need to eternally roast the immortal souls of the wicked).
  2. St. Paul has it that “the perishable must clothe itself with the imperishable, and the mortal with immortality” (1 Corinthians 15:53, NIV). This is in the context of the resurrection³ of the just dead⁴ (or the metamorphosis⁵ of the just living) at the return of Christ.
  3. In the context of identity theory, it is doubtful whether the very same thing can at one time be perishable and at another time immortal, because a thing’s persistence conditions⁶ are taken to be essential⁷ properties⁸ of the sort⁹ it is, and a single thing cannot change sort¹⁰,¹¹.
  4. As such, (as "Johnston (Mark) - Surviving Death" notes), natural immortality of the soul¹² is the only hope for post-mortem survival¹³. But this hope is itself dashed by the lack of empirical evidence for the existence of the substantial¹⁴ soul¹⁵, immortal or otherwise.
  5. It does seem incongruous to talk about post-mortem immortality – how can something that has died be immortal? The idea, no doubt, is that it is the body¹⁶ that the soul¹⁷ occupied that was mortal. Hence, the soul¹⁸ needs a new immortal body¹⁹ to be clothed with. That seems to be the Pauline picture, though debated by the “Conditional Immortality” people.
  6. The Transhumanists²⁰ hope that Uploading²¹ to a computer²² might lead to indefinitely extended life²³, though this is hardly immortality. Indefinite identity-preserving life extensions might be possible using repair-microbots.
  7. In all this, I’m talking about the persistence of the individual²⁴. I’m not talking about “immortality” in the sense of “undying fame”. As Woody Allen quipped (I’m not sure where this is from, but see Woody Allen: Immortality) – “I don't want to achieve immortality through my work; I want to achieve immortality through not dying. I don't want to live on in the hearts of my countrymen; I want to live on in my apartment”.
  8. "Williams (Bernard) - The Makropulos Case: Reflections on the Tedium of Immortality" argues that we wouldn’t even want immortality, but I’m not convinced. However, a bad immortality – uploading²⁵ to an evil computer²⁶, for instance – would be worse than no immortality, though some (eg. Miguel De Unamuno) are not even convinced of that. This topic is covered further under the Makropulos Case²⁷.
  9. Of course, if animalism²⁸ is the correct account of personal identity, immortality is not on offer, though if the transhumanists²⁹ succeed, and an alternative account of personal identity is correct, an indefinite extension of life might be possible.

• ---

  Further Remarks:
  1. This is a sub-topic of Life after death³⁰, the others being:-
     • Resurrection³¹, and
     • Reincarnation³².
  2. To these historical options we can now add the various hopes of:-
     • Transhumanism³³
  3. I have some other notes on this and related topics as part of Philosophy of Religion³⁴ and my Blog³⁵, including:-
     • Death and Eternal Life³⁶,

References

• Relevant Works cited above:
  1. "Johnston (Mark) - Surviving Death", 2010, Book, Read = 13%
  2. "Williams (Bernard) - The Makropulos Case: Reflections on the Tedium of Immortality", 1999, Internal PDF Link, Read
• For a Page of Links³⁷ to this Note, Click here. There’s a lot of interest (and much that’s irrelevant. This and the categorised reading-list require some pruning in order to fit to identity-related issues only.). I’ve not had time to process them yet.
• Works on this topic that I’ve actually read³⁸, include the following:-
  • Aeon:
    1. "Cave (Stephen) - Everlasting glory", 2014, Annotations, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    2. "Cave (Stephen) - Remember Herostratus", 2012, Annotations, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
  • General:
    1. "Badham (Paul) & Badham (Linda) - Immortality or Extinction: Introduction", 1984
    2. "Edwards (Paul) - Dr. Kubler-Ross, Dr. Moody, and the New Immortality Movement", 2002
    3. "Grossman (Lev), Kurzweil (Ray) - 2045: The Year Man Becomes Immortal", 2011, Write-Up Note³⁹, Annotations
    4. "Kagan (Shelly) - Immortality Part II; The value of life, Part I", 2007, External Link
    5. "Kagan (Shelly) - Plato, Part II: Arguments for the immortality of the soul", 2007, External Link
    6. "Kagan (Shelly) - Plato, Part III: Arguments for the immortality of the soul (cont.)", 2007, External Link
    7. "Kagan (Shelly) - Plato, Part IV: Arguments for the immortality of the soul (cont.)", 2007, External Link
    8. "Kagan (Shelly) - The badness of death, Part III; Immortality, Part I", 2007, External Link
    9. "Perry (John) - A Dialogue on Personal Identity and Immortality", 1978, Book
    10. "Shoemaker (David) - Personal Identity and Immortality", 2009
    11. "Williams (Bernard) - The Makropulos Case: Reflections on the Tedium of Immortality", 1999, Internal PDF Link
• A further reading list might start with:-
  • General:
    1. "Badham (Paul) & Badham (Linda) - Immortality or Extinction", 1984, Book, Read = 5%
    2. "Barr (James) - The Garden of Eden and the Hope of Immortality", 1992, Book, Read = 14%
    3. "Bostock (David) - The Soul and Immortality in Plato's Phaedo", 1986, No Abstract
    4. "Cullmann (Oscar) - Immortality of the Soul or Resurrection of the Dead?", 1973, External Link, Internal PDF Link, Read = 11%
    5. "Edwards (Paul), Ed. - Immortality", 1997, Book, Read = 4%
    6. "Flew (Antony) - Merely Mortal?", 2000, Book, Read = 2%
    7. "Forrest (Peter) - The Tree of Life: Agency and Immortality in a Metaphysics Inspired by Quantum Theory", 2007, Read = 7%
    8. "Gillman (Neil) - The Death Of Death: Resurrection and Immortality in Jewish Thought", 2006 / 1997, Book, Read = 1%
    9. "Hick (John) - Death and Eternal Life", 1996, Book, Read = 1%
    10. "Hume (David) - On the Immortality of the Soul", 1783, No Abstract, External Link, Internal PDF Link
    11. "Johnston (Mark) - Surviving Death", 2010, Book, Read = 13%
    12. "MacIntosh (J.J.) - The Impossibility of Kantian Immortality", 1980, Internal PDF Link, Read = 7%
    13. "Martin (L. Michael) & Augustine (Keith) - The Myth of an Afterlife: The Case against Life After Death", 2015, Book, Read = 15%
    14. "Merricks (Trenton) - How to Live Forever Without Saving Your Soul: Physicalism and Immortality", 2001
    15. "Murray (Michael J.) & Rea (Michael) - Mind, body, and immortality", 2008, No Abstract
    16. "Nussbaum (Martha) - Mortal Immortals: Lucretius on Death and the Voice of Nature", 1989, Internal PDF Link, Read = 5%
    17. "Penelhum (Terence), Ed. - Immortality", 1973, Book, Read = 7%
    18. "Penny (Michael) - Immortality! When?", 2004, Book
    19. "Perrett (Roy W.) - Death and Immortality", 1987, Book, Read = 3%
    20. "Perrett (Roy W.) - Death and Immortality: Introduction", 1987, Read = 50%
    21. "Perrett (Roy W.) - Immortality", 1987
    22. "Perrett (Roy W.) - Regarding Immortality", 1986, Internal PDF Link, Read = 8%
    23. "Phillips (D.Z.) - Death and Immortality", 1970, Book, Read = 2%
    24. "Salmond (Stewart D.F.) - The Christian Doctrine of Immortality", 1901, Book
    25. "Shoemaker (Sydney) - Immortality and Dualism", 2003, No Abstract
    26. "Sutherland (Stewart R.) - Immortality and Resurrection", 1967, Internal PDF Link, Read = 25%
    27. "Tipler (Frank) - The Physics of Immortality: Modern Cosmology, God and the Resurrection of the Dead", 1995, Book, Read = 2%

  ---

• For a list of Works that have been considered, but have missed the cut for inclusion in this Section of my Thesis, see the following:-
  1. Read: No items to list.
  2. Further Reading: No items to list.
• This is mostly a place-holder⁴⁰.

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Table of the Previous 6 Versions of this Note:

Date	Length	Title
20/09/2022 11:24:00	6119	Immortality
16/05/2022 21:18:43	5738	Immortality
12/02/2021 23:58:34	5085	Immortality
26/09/2020 19:58:05	4543	Immortality
01/03/2018 23:49:55	5703	Immortality
03/08/2013 23:44:10	2006	Immortality

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Note last updated	Reading List for this Topic	Parent Topic
06/07/2023 00:43:12	Immortality	Life After Death

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Summary of Notes Referenced by This Note

2045: The Year Man Becomes Immortal	Animalism	Awaiting Attention (Personal Identity)	Body	Computers
Corpses	Death and Eternal Life	Individual	Life	Life After Death
Makropulos Case	Metamorphosis	Modality	Note Links Explanation	Persistence Criteria
Plug Note Apologia	Properties	Reincarnation	Resurrection	Sortals
Souls	Status: Philosophy of Religion (2025 - March)	Substance	Theo Todman's Blog	Transhumanism
Uploading	Works Read - Explanation

To access information, click on one of the links in the table above.

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Summary of Notes Citing This Note

Aeon Papers - Summary Document: 2017-2018	Disembodied Existence	Ivan Ilych	Life After Death	Makropulos Case, 2
PID Note, Book & Paper Usage, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7	Reincarnation	Resurrection	Thesis - Chapter 11 (Resurrection), 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10	Thesis - Current Stance
Thesis - Personal Identity, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14	Website Generator Documentation - Functors, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

To access information, click on one of the links in the table above.

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Authors, Books & Papers Citing this Note

Author	Title	Medium	Extra Links	Read?
Aeon	Video - What science tells us about the afterlife	Paper		Yes
Clark (Andy) & Kuhn (Robert Lawrence)	Aeon: Video - Andy Clark - Virtual immortality	Paper		Yes
Lyons (Siobhan)	Death and the Machine: Intersections of Mortality and Robotics	Book
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Chapter 11 (Resurrection)	Paper	2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10	Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Current Position	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Disembodied Existence	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Ivan Ilych	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Life After Death	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Makropulos Case	Paper	2	Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Personal Identity	Paper	2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Reincarnation	Paper		Yes
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Resurrection	Paper		Yes
Tolstoy (Leo)	The Death of Ivan Ilyich	Paper		Yes

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References & Reading List

Author	Title	Medium	Source	Read?
Bacchiocchi (Samuele)	Immortality or Resurrection? A Biblical Study on Human Nature and Destiny	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Bacchiocchi (Samuele) - Immortality or Resurrection? A Biblical Study on Human Nature and Destiny	1%
Bacchiocchi (Samuele)	Immortality or Resurrection? A Biblical Study on Human Nature and Destiny	Paper - By Subtopic	Bacchiocchi (Samuele) - Immortality or Resurrection? A Biblical Study Human Nature and Destiny, 2001	2%
Badham (Paul)	Christian Beliefs About Life After Death	Book - Referenced	Badham (Paul) - Christian Beliefs About Life After Death	1%
Badham (Paul)	Christian Beliefs About Life After Death	Paper - By Subtopic	Badham (Paul) - Christian Beliefs About Life After Death	3%
Badham (Paul) & Badham (Linda)	Immortality or Extinction	Book - Cited	Badham (Paul) & Badham (Linda) - Immortality or Extinction	5%
Badham (Paul) & Badham (Linda)	Immortality or Extinction	Paper - By Subtopic	Badham (Paul) & Badham (Linda) - Immortality or Extinction, Chapter 8	No
Badham (Paul) & Badham (Linda)	Immortality or Extinction: Introduction	Paper - Cited	Badham (Paul) & Badham (Linda) - Immortality or Extinction, Introduction	Yes
Badham (Paul) & Badham (Linda)	The Meaning of Resurrection, Immortality and Eternal Life	Paper - By Subtopic	Badham (Paul) & Badham (Linda) - Immortality or Extinction, Chapter 2	No
Barr (James)	The Garden of Eden and the Hope of Immortality	Book - Cited	Barr (James) - The Garden of Eden and the Hope of Immortality	14%
Barr (James)	The Garden of Eden and the Hope of Immortality	Paper - By Subtopic	Barr (James) - The Garden of Eden and the Hope of Immortality	64%
Beet (Joseph Agar)	The Immortality of the Soul: A Protest	Book - By Subtopic	Beet (Joseph Agar) - The Immortality of the Soul: A Protest	No
Beet (Joseph Agar)	The Immortality of the Soul: A Protest	Paper - By Subtopic	Beet (Joseph Agar) - The Immortality of the Soul: A Protest	No
Bostock (David)	The Soul and Immortality in Plato's Phaedo	Paper - Cited	Fine - Plato 2 - Ethics, Politics, Religion and the Soul	No
Burley (Mikel)	Atheism and the gift of death	Paper - By Subtopic	Religious Studies, Vol. 48, No. 4 (December 2012), pp. 533-546	No
Burley (Mikel)	Immortality and Boredom: A Response to Wisnewski	Paper - By Subtopic	International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, Vol. 65, No. 2 (Apr., 2009) (pp. 77-85)	11%
Burley (Mikel)	Immortality and Meaning: Reflections on the Makropulos Debate	Paper - By Subtopic	Philosophy / Volume 84 / Issue 04 / October 2009, pp 529-547	No
Cave (Stephen)	Everlasting glory	Paper - Cited	Aeon, 19 December, 2014	Yes
Cave (Stephen)	Remember Herostratus	Paper - Cited	Aeon, 17 September, 2012	Yes
Clark (Andy) & Kuhn (Robert Lawrence)	Aeon: Video - Andy Clark - Virtual immortality	Paper - By Subtopic	Aeon, 19 August, 2019	Yes
Corcoran (Kevin), Ed.	Soul, Body and Survival: Essays on the Metaphysics of Human Persons	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Corcoran (Kevin), Ed. - Soul, Body and Survival: Essays on the Metaphysics of Human Persons	99%
Cullmann (Oscar)	Immortality of the Soul or Resurrection of the Dead?	Paper - By Subtopic	Penelhum (Terence) - Immortality, 1973	11%
Donnelly (John), Ed.	Language, Metaphysics and Death: A Metaphysical Reader	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Donnelly (John), Ed. - Language, Metaphysics and Death: A Metaphysical Reader	3%
Edwards (Paul)	Dr. Kubler-Ross, Dr. Moody, and the New Immortality Movement	Paper - Cited	Edwards - Reincarnation: A Critical Examination, 2002, Chapter 11	Yes
Edwards (Paul)	Immortality: Bibliographical Essay	Paper - By Subtopic	Edwards - Immortality, pp, 316-337	No
Edwards (Paul)	Immortality: Introduction	Paper - By Subtopic	Edwards - Immortality, pp, 1-72	12%
Edwards (Paul)	Reincarnation: A Critical Examination	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	Yes
Edwards (Paul), Ed.	Immortality	Book - Cited	Edwards (Paul), Ed. - Immortality	4%
Fine (Gail), Ed.	Plato 2 - Ethics, Politics, Religion and the Soul	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	No
Flew (Antony)	Merely Mortal?	Book - Cited	Flew (Antony) - Merely Mortal?	2%
Flew (Antony)	Plato (i): From Preexistence to Immortality	Paper - By Subtopic	Flew - Merely Mortal? 2000, Chapter 2	No
Flew (Antony)	Plato (ii): Attempted Proofs of Immortality	Paper - By Subtopic	Flew - Merely Mortal? 2000, Chapter 3	No
Forrest (Peter)	The Tree of Life: Agency and Immortality in a Metaphysics Inspired by Quantum Theory	Paper - By Subtopic	Van Inwagen (Peter) & Zimmerman (Dean) - Persons: Human and Divine	7%
Geach (Peter)	Immortality	Paper - By Subtopic	Edwards - Immortality, pp, 225-234	No
Gillman (Neil)	The Death Of Death: Resurrection and Immortality in Jewish Thought	Book - Cited	Gillman (Neil) - The Death Of Death: Resurrection and Immortality in Jewish Thought	1%
Gillman (Neil)	The Death Of Death: Resurrection and Immortality in Jewish Thought	Paper - By Subtopic	Gillman (Neil) - Death Of Death: Resurrection and Immortality in Jewish Thought	2%
Grossman (Lev), Kurzweil (Ray)	2045: The Year Man Becomes Immortal	Paper - Cited	Time Magazine, February 21, 2011	Yes
Hains (Brigid) & Hains (Paul)	Aeon: C-F	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Hains (Brigid) & Hains (Paul) - Aeon: C-F	51%
Hains (Brigid) & Hains (Paul)	Aeon: C-F	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	51%
Harris (John)	Clones, Genes and Immortality: Ethics and Genetics	Book - By Subtopic	Harris (John) - Clones, Genes and Immortality: Ethics and Genetics	1%
Hick (John)	Death and Eternal Life	Book - Cited	Hick (John) - Death and Eternal Life	1%
Hume (David)	Doubts About Immortality	Paper - By Subtopic	Two Essays on Suicide and Immortality; Rowe & Wainwright - Philosophy of Religion	No
Hume (David)	Of the Immortality of the Soul	Paper - By Subtopic	Edwards - Immortality	No
Hume (David)	On the Immortality of the Soul	Paper - By Subtopic	Hume (David) - 5 Essays	No
James (William)	Consciousness, the Brain and Immortality	Paper - By Subtopic	Edwards - Immortality, pp, 282-291	No
Johnston (Mark)	Surviving Death	Book - Cited	Johnston (Mark) - Surviving Death	13%
Kagan (Shelly)	Death	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	Yes
Kagan (Shelly)	Immortality Part II; The value of life, Part I	Paper - Cited	Open Yale Courses, 2007	Yes
Kagan (Shelly)	Plato, Part II: Arguments for the immortality of the soul	Paper - Cited	Open Yale Courses, 2007	Yes
Kagan (Shelly)	Plato, Part III: Arguments for the immortality of the soul (cont.)	Paper - Cited	Open Yale Courses, 2007	Yes
Kagan (Shelly)	Plato, Part IV: Arguments for the immortality of the soul (cont.)	Paper - Cited	Open Yale Courses, 2007	Yes
Kagan (Shelly)	The badness of death, Part III; Immortality, Part I	Paper - Cited	Open Yale Courses, 2007	Yes
Levine (Michael P.)	What Does Death Have to Do with the Meaning of Life?	Paper - By Subtopic	Religious Studies, Vol. 23, No. 4 (Dec., 1987) (pp. 457-465)	11%
MacIntosh (J.J.)	Reincarnation, Closest Continuers, and The Three Card Trick: A Reply To Noonan And Daniels	Paper - By Subtopic	Religious Studies, Vol. 28, pp. 235-251. 1992	13%
MacIntosh (J.J.)	The Impossibility of Kantian Immortality	Paper - By Subtopic	Dialogue 19 - Issue 2 - June 1980, pp. 219-234	7%
Martin (L. Michael) & Augustine (Keith)	The Myth of an Afterlife: The Case against Life After Death	Book - Cited	Martin (L. Michael) & Augustine (Keith) - The Myth of an Afterlife: The Case against Life After Death	15%
Merricks (Trenton)	How to Live Forever Without Saving Your Soul: Physicalism and Immortality	Paper - By Subtopic	Corcoran - Soul, Body and Survival, Chapter 11	No
Mill (John Stuart)	Immortality	Paper - By Subtopic	Edwards - Immortality, pp, 172-176	No
Moore (Adrian W.)	Williams, Nietzsche, and the Meaninglessness of Immortality	Paper - By Subtopic	Mind, 115, Number 458, April 2006, pp. 311-330(20)	6%
Murray (Michael J.) & Rea (Michael)	An Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Murray (Michael J.) & Rea (Michael) - An Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion	No
Murray (Michael J.) & Rea (Michael)	Mind, body, and immortality	Paper - By Subtopic	Murray (Michael) & Rea (Michael) - An Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion, Chapter 9	No
Nussbaum (Martha)	Mortal Immortals: Lucretius on Death and the Voice of Nature	Paper - By Subtopic	Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, Vol. 50, No. 2 (Dec., 1989) (pp. 303-351)	5%
O'Hear (Anthony), Ed.	Philosophy - 81/317 (July 2006)	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	O'Hear (Anthony), Ed. - Philosophy - 81/317 (July 2006)	2%
Penelhum (Terence)	Immortality: Introduction	Paper - By Subtopic	Penelhum (Terence) - Immortality, 1973	Yes
Penelhum (Terence), Ed.	Immortality	Book - Cited	Penelhum (Terence), Ed. - Immortality	7%
Penny (Michael)	Immortality! When?	Book - Cited	Penny (Michael) - Immortality! When?	No
Perrett (Roy W.)	Death and Immortality	Book - Cited	Perrett (Roy W.) - Death and Immortality	3%
Perrett (Roy W.)	Death and Immortality: Introduction	Paper - By Subtopic	Perrett - Death and Immortality - 1987, Introduction	33%
Perrett (Roy W.)	Immortality	Paper - By Subtopic	Perrett - Death and Immortality - 1987, Chapter 5	No
Perrett (Roy W.)	Regarding Immortality	Paper - By Subtopic	Religious Studies, Vol. 22, No. 2 (Jun., 1986), pp. 219-233	8%
Perry (John)	A Dialogue on Personal Identity and Immortality	Book - Cited	Perry (John) - A Dialogue on Personal Identity and Immortality	Yes
Perry (John)	A Dialogue on Personal Identity and Immortality	Paper - By Subtopic	Perry - A Dialogue on Personal Identity and Immortality	Yes
Phillips (D.Z.)	Death and Immortality	Book - Cited	Phillips (D.Z.) - Death and Immortality	2%
Phillips (D.Z.)	Death and Immortality	Paper - By Subtopic	Phillips (D.Z.) - Death and Immortality	3%
Plato, Gallop (David)	Phaedo	Book - Referenced	Plato, Gallop (David) - Phaedo	30%
Preston (Ted M.) & Dixon (Scott)	Who Wants to Live Forever? Immortality, Authenticity, and Living Forever in the Present	Paper - By Subtopic	International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, Vol. 61, No. 2 (Apr., 2007) (pp. 99-117)	6%
Rowe (William L.) & Wainwright (William J.)	Death and Immortality: Introduction	Paper - By Subtopic	Rowe & Wainwright - Philosophy of Religion	No
Rowe (William L.) & Wainwright (William), Eds.	Philosophy of Religion	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Rowe (William L.) & Wainwright (William), Eds. - Philosophy of Religion	8%
Salmond (Stewart D.F.)	The Christian Doctrine of Immortality	Book - Cited	Salmond (Stewart D.F.) - The Christian Doctrine of Immortality	No
Shoemaker (David)	Personal Identity and Ethics: A Brief Introduction	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Shoemaker (David) - Personal Identity and Ethics: A Brief Introduction	Yes
Shoemaker (David)	Personal Identity and Immortality	Paper - By Subtopic	Shoemaker (David) - Personal Identity and Ethics: A Brief Introduction, 2009, Chapter 1	Yes
Shoemaker (Sydney)	Identity, Cause and Mind	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Shoemaker (Sydney) - Identity, Cause and Mind	5%
Shoemaker (Sydney)	Immortality and Dualism	Paper - By Subtopic	Shoemaker - Identity, Cause and Mind	No
Sorensen (Roy)	A Séance with an Immortal	Paper - By Subtopic	Philosophy, Vol. 81, No. 317 (Jul., 2006), pp. 395-416	11%
Sorensen (Roy)	The Cheated God: Death and Personal Time	Paper - By Subtopic	Analysis, Vol. 65, No. 2 (Apr., 2005), pp. 119-125	17%
Steele (Hunter)	Could Body-bound Immortality be Liveable?	Paper - By Subtopic	Mind, New Series, Vol. 85, No. 339 (Jul., 1976) (pp. 424-427)	17%
Strauss (Jonathan)	After Death	Paper - By Subtopic	Diacritics, Vol. 30, No. 3, Post-Mortem: The State of Death as a Modern Construct (Autumn, 2000) (pp. 90-94+96-104)	8%
Suits (David B.)	Why Death Is Not Bad for the One Who Died	Paper - By Subtopic	American Philosophical Quarterly, Vol. 38, No. 1 (Jan., 2001), pp. 69-84	No
Sutherland (Stewart R.)	Immortality and Resurrection	Paper - By Subtopic	Religious Studies, Vol. 3, No. 1 (1967), pp. 377-389	25%
Tipler (Frank)	Comparison of the Heaven Predicted by Modern Physics With the Afterlife Hoped For by the Great World Religions	Paper - By Subtopic	Tipler - Physics of Immortality, Chapter 11	No
Tipler (Frank)	Conclusion: Theology as a Branch of Physics	Paper - By Subtopic	Tipler - Physics of Immortality, Chapter 13	No
Tipler (Frank)	Determinism in Classical General Relativity and in Quantum Mechanics	Paper - By Subtopic	Tipler - Physics of Immortality, Chapter 5	No
Tipler (Frank)	How Free Will Can Arise from Quantum Cosmological Mechanisms	Paper - By Subtopic	Tipler - Physics of Immortality, Chapter 7	No
Tipler (Frank)	Physics Near the Final State: The Classical Omega Point Theory	Paper - By Subtopic	Tipler - Physics of Immortality, Chapter 4	No
Tipler (Frank)	Progress Against the Eternal Return and the Heat Death	Paper - By Subtopic	Tipler - Physics of Immortality, Chapter 3	No
Tipler (Frank)	The Omega Point and the Physical Universe Necessarily Exist	Paper - By Subtopic	Tipler - Physics of Immortality, Chapter 8	No
Tipler (Frank)	The Omega Point Theory and Christianity	Paper - By Subtopic	Tipler - Physics of Immortality, Chapter 12	No
Tipler (Frank)	The Physics of Immortality: Appendix for Scientists	Paper - By Subtopic	Tipler - Physics of Immortality, Appendix	No
Tipler (Frank)	The Physics of Immortality: Introduction	Paper - By Subtopic	Tipler - Physics of Immortality, Introduction	No
Tipler (Frank)	The Physics of Immortality: Modern Cosmology, God and the Resurrection of the Dead	Book - Cited	Tipler (Frank) - The Physics of Immortality: Modern Cosmology, God and the Resurrection of the Dead	2%
Tipler (Frank)	The Physics of Immortality: Preface	Paper - By Subtopic	Tipler - Physics of Immortality, Preface	33%
Tipler (Frank)	The Physics of Resurrection of the Dead to Eternal Life	Paper - By Subtopic	Tipler - Physics of Immortality, Chapter 9	No
Tipler (Frank)	The Quantum Version of the Omega Point Theory	Paper - By Subtopic	Tipler - Physics of Immortality, Chapter 6	No
Tipler (Frank)	The Ultimate Limits of Space Travel	Paper - By Subtopic	Tipler - Physics of Immortality, Chapter 2	No
Tipler (Frank)	What Happens After the Resurrection: Heaven, Hell, and Purgatory	Paper - By Subtopic	Tipler - Physics of Immortality, Chapter 10	No
Todman (Theo)	Thesis - Immortality	Paper - By Subtopic		Yes
Unamuno (Miguel De), Flitch (Crawford J. E.)	The Tragic Sense of Life	Book - Referenced	Unamuno (Miguel De), Flitch (Crawford J. E.) - The Tragic Sense of Life	2%
Van Inwagen (Peter) & Zimmerman (Dean)	Persons: Human and Divine	Book - By Subtopic (via Paper By Subtopic)	Van Inwagen (Peter) & Zimmerman (Dean) - Persons: Human and Divine	3%
Voltaire	The Soul, Identity and Immortality	Paper - By Subtopic	Edwards - Immortality, pp, 141-147	No
Wetzel (James)	Infinite Return: Two Ways of Wagering with Pascal	Paper - By Subtopic	Religious Studies, Vol. 29, No. 2 (Jun., 1993) (pp. 139-149)	11%
Wickes (Roland)	The Path to Immortality	Book - By Subtopic	Wickes (Roland) - The Path to Immortality	No
Williams (Bernard)	Problems of the Self	Book - Cited (via Paper Cited)	Bibliographical details to be supplied	37%
Williams (Bernard)	The Makropulos Case: Reflections on the Tedium of Immortality	Paper - Cited	Williams - Problems of the Self	Yes
Wisnewski (J. Jeremy)	Is the Immortal Life Worth Living?	Paper - By Subtopic	International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, Vol. 58, No. 1 (Aug., 2005) (pp. 27-36)	11%

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